| hormone therapy | Treatment which results in the raising or lowering of hormone levels. Changes in levels can effect some breast cancers, those that need hormones for growth. (16 Dec 1997) |
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| receptors, pituitary hormone-regulating hormone | Cell surface receptors that bind the hypothalamic hormones regulating pituitary cell differentiation, proliferation, and hormone synthesis and release, including the pituitary-releasing and release-inhibiting hormones. The pituitary hormone-regulating hormones are also released by cells other than hypothalamic neurons, and their receptors also occur on non-pituitary cells, especially brain neurons, where their role is less well understood. Receptors for dopamine, which is a prolactin release-inhibiting hormone as well as a common neurotransmitter, are not included here. (12 Dec 1998) |
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| growth hormone inhibiting hormone | <protein> Gastrointestinal and hypothalmic peptide hormone (two forms: 14 and 28 residues), found in gastric mucosa, pancreatic islets, nerves of the gastrointestinal tract, in posterior pituitary and in the central nervous system. Inhibits gastric secretion and motility: in hypothalamus/pituitary inhibits somatotropin release. (18 Nov 1997) |
| growth hormone-regulating hormone | <endocrinology> Hypothalamic hormones that induce (somatoliberin) or inhibit (somatostatin) the release of growth hormone (somatotropin). (18 Nov 1997) |
| growth hormone-releasing hormone | <endocrinology> Peptide hormone related to the glucagon family, released from the pituitary, acts on the adenohypophysis to release growth hormone. Synonym: somatoliberin, growth hormone-releasing factor. (20 Sep 2002) |
| hormone replacement therapy | In females, treatment with sex hormones for a number for reasons, including menopause, partial or full hysterectomy, or amenorrhoea.In women, treatment with sex hormones is indicated for a number of reasons, including menopause, partial or full hysterectomy, or amenorrhoea. After menopause, conjugated oestrogens, estradiol, or estrone sulfate are given to reduce pain during intercourse, limit blood vessel effects, and prevent loss of bone mass. After radical hysterectomy, conjugated oestrogens are given for similar reasons. After menopause or partial hysterectomy, progestin is administered at the same time to offset an increased risk of endometrial cancer. In some amenorrhoeas, oestrogen is given to restore menses; if the therapy is unsuccessful, this may indicate the presence of pathology, for instance, pituitary tumour. Benefits for postmenopausal women include a lowered risk of heart attack (oestrogen lowers LDL and raises HDL levels), and prevention of osteoporosis, since the rate of bone loss is directly linked to a drop in oestrogen levels (see perimenopause). Medical opinion about the hazard posed by such therapy remains divided. Some studies have indicated increased incidence of breast cancer; however, a comprehensive 1992 review of the literature contradicted this finding. (05 Mar 2000) |
| hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists | A collective grouping for both naturally occurring and synthetic hormones, substitutes, and antagonists. (12 Dec 1998) |
| follicle-stimulating hormone-releasing hormone | A decapeptide of hypothalamic origin capable of accelerating pituitary secretion of follitropin. Synonym: follicle-stimulating hormone-releasing factor, follicle-stimulating hormone-releasing hormone. Origin: follicle-stimulating hormone + L. Libero, to free, + -in (05 Mar 2000) |
| luteinizing hormone/follicle-stimulating hormone-releasing factor | gonadotrophin-releasing hormone |
| luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone | A hormone that controls sex hormones in men and women. Also called lhrh. (12 Dec 1998) |
| acupuncture therapy | Treatment of disease by inserting needles along specific pathways or meridians. The placement varies with the disease being treated. Heat or moxibustion and acupressure may be used in conjunction. (12 Dec 1998) |
| adipokinetic hormone | An anterior pituitary hormone that causes mobilization of fat from adipose tissue. Synonym: adipokinetic hormone. (05 Mar 2000) |
| adjuvant therapy | <oncology, pharmacology> Treatment that is added to increase the effectiveness of a primary treatment. In cancer, adjuvant treatment usually refers to chemotherapy, hormonal therapy or radiation therapy after surgery to increase the likelihood of killing all cancer cells. (14 May 1997) |
| adrenal androgen-stimulating hormone | A putative pituitary hormone that may be responsible for increased secretion of adrenal androgens at the time of puberty. (05 Mar 2000) |
| adrenocorticotrophic hormone | <endocrinology> A peptide hormone that is produced by the anterior pituitary gland. It stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete glucocorticoid hormones, which help cells synthesise glucose, catabolize proteins, mobilizefree fatty acids and inhibit inflammation in allergic responses. (10 May 1997) |
| adrenocorticotropic hormone | The hormone of the anterior lobe of the hypophysis which governs the nutrition and growth of the adrenal cortex, stimulates it to functional activity, and also possesses extraadrenal adipokinetic activity; it is a polypeptide containing 39 amino acids, but exact structure varies from one species to another; sometimes prefixed by a to distinguish it from beta-corticotropin. The first thirteen amino acids at the N-terminal region are identical to alpha-melanotropin. Synonym: adrenocorticotropin, adrenotropic hormone, adrenotropin, corticotropic hormone, corticotropin. (05 Mar 2000) |