| higher order conditioning | The use of a previously conditioned stimulus to condition further responses, in much the same way unconditioned stimuli are used. (05 Mar 2000) |
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| second-order conditioning | The use of a previously successfully conditioned stimulus as the unconditioned stimulus for further conditioning. (05 Mar 2000) |
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| mean higher high water | <marine biology> The average height of the higher high water over a 19-year period. For shorter periods of observation, corrections are applied to eliminate known variations and reduce the result to the equivalent of a mean 19-year value. (09 Oct 1997) |
| higher heating value | (HHV) The maximum potential energy in dry fuel. For wood, the range is 7,600 to 9,600 Btu/lb. (05 Dec 1998) |
| birth order | The sequence in which children are born into the family. (12 Dec 1998) |
| second-order kinetics | A term describing the reaction rate of a chemical reaction in which the rate is proportional to the product of the concentrations (in moles) of two of the reactants (also called bimolecular kinetics), or to the square of the molar concentration of the reactant if there is only one. Such a reaction might have an equation like rate = k[A][B] or rate = k[A]2, where k is the reaction rate constant, [A] is the concentration of reactant A, and [B] is the concentration of reactant B. (09 Oct 1997) |
| order | <zoology> A taxonomic classification between class and family. (09 Oct 1997) |
| third-order kinetics | <pharmacology> A term describing the reaction rate of a chemical reaction in which the rate is proportional to the product of the concentrations (in moles) of three of the reactants, the product of the molar concentration of one reactant and the square of the molar concentration of another reactant, or the cube of the molar concentration of one of the reactants. Such a reaction might have an equation like rate = k[A][B][C] or rate = [A][B]2 or rate = [A]3, where k is the reaction rate constant, [A] is the concentration of reactant A, [B] is the concentration of reactant B, and [C] is the concentration of reactant C. (09 Oct 1997) |
| zero-order reaction | A reaction that proceeds at a particular rate independently of the concentration of the reactant or reactants. (05 Mar 2000) |
| first-order kinetics | A term describing the reaction rate of a chemical reaction in which the rate is proportional to the concentration (in moles) of only one of the reactants. Such a reaction might have an equation like rate = k[A], where k is the reaction rate constant and [A] is the concentration of a reactant A. (09 Oct 1997) |
| first-order reaction | A reaction the rate of which is proportional to the concentration of the single substance undergoing change; radioactive decay is a first-order process, defined by the equation -(dN/dt)=kN, where N is the number of atoms subject to decay (reaction), t is time, and k is the first-order decay (reaction) constant, i.e., the fraction of all atoms decaying per unit of time. See: decay constant, order. (05 Mar 2000) |
| air conditioning | The maintenance of certain aspects of the environment within a defined space to facilitate the function of that space; aspects controlled include air temperature and motion, radiant heat level, moisture, and concentration of pollutants such as dust, microorganisms, and gases. (12 Dec 1998) |
| assertive conditioning | A form of behaviour modification or therapy in which a client is taught to feel free to make legitimate demands and refusals in situations which previously elicited diffident responses. Synonym: assertive conditioning. (05 Mar 2000) |
| aversive conditioning | <psychology> A form of behaviour training or modification in which a noxious event is used to punish or extinguish undesirable behaviour. See: aversion therapy. Synonym: aversive conditioning. (05 Mar 2000) |
| avoidance conditioning | The technique whereby an organism learns to avoid unpleasant or punishing stimuli by learning the appropriate anticipatory response to protect it from further such stimuli. Compare: escape conditioning. Synonym: avoidance training. (05 Mar 2000) |
| pavlov conditioning | The Russian physiologist Ivan petrovich pavlov (1848-1936) conditioned dogs to respond in what proved to be a predictable manner, for example, by first ringing a bell before feeding them and then simply ringing the bell upon which stimulus they would begin to salivate as if they were about to eat. (12 Dec 1998) |