| ¿µ¹® | deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) | ÇÑ±Û | µ¥¿Á½Ã¸®º¸ÇÙ»ê |
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| ¼³¸í | ÇÙ»êÀÇ ÀÏÁ¾À¸·Î DNA¶ó°íµµ ÇÑ´Ù. DeoxyribonucleotideÀÇ ÁßÇÕüÀ̸ç À¯ÀüÀÚÀÇ ÈÇÐÀû º»Ã¼ÀÌ´Ù. RNA¹ÙÀÌ·¯½º ÀÌ¿ÜÀÇ ¸ðµç »ý¹°Àº DNA¸¦ À¯ÀüÀÚ·Î Áö´Ï°í ÀÖ´Ù. µð¿Á½Ã¸®º¸´ºÅ¬·¹¿ÀƼµå(deoxyribonucleotide)´Â ¿°±â¿Í ´ç(2'-deoxy-D-ribose)°ú ÀλêÀ¸·Î ÀÌ·ç¾îÁø´Ù. ¿°±â´Â ¾Æµ¥´Ñ(adenine), ±¸¾Æ´Ñ(guanine), Ƽ¹Î(thymine)¹× ½ÃÅä½Å(cytosine)ÀÇ 4°¡ÁöÀ̸ç, À̰ÍÀº ´ç¿¡ ºÎÂøµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÎ»ê ¿ª½Ã ´çÀÇ ÇÑ ºÎºÐ¿¡ ºÎÂøµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ deoxyribonucleotideÀÇ ´çÀº ´Ù¸¥ deoxy- ribonucleotideÀÇ ´ç°ú ÀλêÀ» »çÀÌ¿¡ ³õ°í °áÇÕÀ» ÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾î ÇϳªÀÇ ±ä »ç½½À» Çü¼ºÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù. Áï ´ç°ú ÀλêÀÌ ÁÖÃàÀÌ µÇ¾î¼ deoxyribonucleotideÀÇ ±ä »ç½½À» ¸¸µç´Ù. ÀÌ deoxyribonucleotideÀÇ »ç½½ µÎ °³´Â °¢°¢ deoxyribonucleotide¿¡ ºÎÂøµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â ¿°±âµéÀÌ °áÇÕÀ» ÇÏ¿© µÎ °³ÀÇ »ç½½ÀÌ °áÇյǾî ÀÖ´Â ÀÌÁß³ª¼± ±¸Á¶¸¦ ¸¸µé°Ô µÈ´Ù. 4°¡Áö ¿°±â ¾Æµ¥´ÑÀº Ƽ¹Î°ú °áÇÕÀ» Çϰí, ½ÃÅä½Å°ú °áÇÕÀ» ÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù. Áï ´ç°ú ÀλêÀº ±ä »ç½½À» ¸¸µå´Â ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÏ°í ±ä »ç½½¿¡ ºÎÂøµÈ ¿°±âµéÀÇ °áÇÕ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ µÎ °³ÀÇ ±ä »ç½½Àº ¼·Î ºÙ¾î¼ ÀÌÁß³ª¼± ±¸Á¶¸¦ ¸¸µç´Ù. DNAÀÇ À¯ÀüÁ¤º¸´Â ¿°±â¿¡ ÀúÀåµÈ´Ù. 4°³ÀÇ ¿°±âÀÇ Á¶ÇÕ°ú ¹è¿ÀÌ À¯ÀüÁ¤º¸¸¦ º¸°üÇÏ´Â ÇϳªÀÇ ¾ÏÈ£ ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇàÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù. |
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| ¿µ¹® | retinoic acid | ÇÑ±Û | ·¹Æ¼³ë»ê |
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| ¼³¸í | C20H28O2. ºñŸ¹Î AÀÇ ¾ËÄڿñ⸦ ¾Ëµ¥È÷µå·Î »êÈÇÑ ÈÄ ´Ù½Ã Ä«¸£º¹½Ç»êÀ¸·Î »êÈÇÏ¿© ¾òÀº »ê. ¹ß»ýÁßÀÇ ¼¼Æ÷¿¡ ÀÛ¿ëÇÏ¿© ÇüŸ¦ ¸¸µå´Âµ¥ °ü¿©ÇÑ´Ù. |
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| ¿µ¹® | ribonucleic acid | ÇÑ±Û | ¸®º¸ÇÙ»ê |
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| ¼³¸í | Ribonucleotide monomer·Î ÀÌ·ç¾îÁø ÇÙ»êÀ¸·Î ¿°±â, ´ç, ÀλêÀ¸·Î ±¸¼ºµÈ´Ù. ¿°±â´Â adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracilÀÇ 4Á¾·ù°¡ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ´çÀº 5ź´çÀÌ´Ù. RNA´Â DNA¸¦ ÁÖÇüÀ¸·Î ÇÏ¿© »óº¸ÀûÀ¸·Î °áÇÕ, Çü¼ºµÇ¸ç ´Ü¹éÁúÀ» ¸¸µé¾î³»´Â µ¥¿¡ ÀÖ¾î Áß¿äÇÑ ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÑ´Ù. Àü·É RNA(mRNA)´Â ´Ü¹éÁú ÇÕ¼º¿¡ ÀÖ¾î °¡Àå ±âº»ÀÌ µÇ´Â DNAÀÇ ¼¿À» »óº¸ÀûÀ¸·Î ¿Å°Ü ¹Þ¾Æ Àü´ÞÇÏ´Â Àü·É±¸½ÇÀ» ÇÏ´Â RNA. ¸®º¸¼Ø RNA(rRNA) ¸®º¸¼ØÀ» Çü¼ºÇÏ´Â 4°¡Áö RNA»ç½½(28S, 18S, 5.8S, 5S·Î ±¸¼º). Àü´Þ RNA(tRNA) ƯÁ¤ ¾Æ¹Ì³ë»êÀ» ÇÑÂÊ ³¡¿¡ Áö´Ï°í »óº¸Àû ¼¿ÀÇ mRNA¿Í ÀϽÃÀû °áÇÕÀ» ÀÌ·ç¸ç ´Ü¹éÁú ÇÕ¼º¿¡ Á÷Á¢ ±â¿©ÇÏ´Â RNAÀÌ´Ù. |
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| ¿µ¹® | acid | ÇÑ±Û | »ê |
|---|---|---|---|
| ¼³¸í | ¹°¿¡ ³ì¾ÒÀ» ¶§ ÀÌ¿ÂÈÇÏ¿© ¼ö¼Ò ÀÌ¿ÂÀ» ¸¸µå´Â ¹°Áú. ½Å¸ÀÀÌ ³ª°í û»ö ¸®Æ®¸Ó½º Á¾À̸¦ ºÓ°Ô º¯È½ÃŰ¸ç ¿°±â¿ÍÀÇ ÁßÈ ¹ÝÀÀ¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© ¹°°ú ¿°À» ¸¸µé°í ÀÌ¿ÂÈ ¿¿¡¼ ¼ö¼Òº¸´Ù ¾Õ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ±Ý¼Ó°ú ¹ÝÀÀÇÏ¿© ¿°À» ¸¸µé¸é¼ ¼ö¼Ò¸¦ ¹ß»ý½ÃŲ´Ù. ¼ö¼Ò ¿øÀÚ¸¦ ÀÌ¿ÂÈÇÏ´Â ÈûÀÇ °¾à¿¡ µû¶ó °»ê°ú ¾à»êÀ¸·Î ³ª´¶´Ù. |
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| ¿µ¹® | acetic acid | ÇÑ±Û | ¾Æ¼¼Æ®»ê, ÃÊ»ê |
|---|---|---|---|
| ¼³¸í | ºÐÀÚ½ÄÀº C2H4O2, ºÐÀÚ·® 60.05ÀÇ Àú±Þ Áö¹æ»êÀÌ´Ù. CH3COOHÀÇ ±¸Á¶½ÄÀ» °¡Áø ¹«»ö¾×ü·Î 16.7¡É¿¡¼ ³ì°í 118.0¡É¿¡¼ ²ú´Â´Ù. ½ÄÃÊÀÇ ½Å¸ÀÀ» ³»´Â °ÍÀ̰í, ³óÃàµÈ °ÍÀ» ºùÃÊ»êÀ̶ó ÇÑ´Ù. »ó¿Â¿¡¼´Â ¾×üÀÌ¸ç ¼ö¿ë¾×Àº ¾à»ê¼ºÀÌ´Ù. »ýü³»¿¡¼´Â ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ¾Æ¼¼Æ¿ CoA·Î Á¸ÀçÇÏ¸ç ¾Æ¼¼Æ¿±âÀÇ °ø±Þ¿øÀÌ µÇ´Â ¿Ü¿¡ Áö¹æ»êÀ̳ª ½ºÅ×·ÎÀÌµå µîÀÇ »ý¼ºÀç·á·Î Áß¿äÇÏ´Ù. ¾Æ¼¼Æ¿ CoA·ÎºÎÅÍ´Â ÄÉÅæÃ¼°¡ ÇÕ¼ºµÇ¸ç Á¶Á÷ÀÇ ¿¡³ÊÁö¿øÀÌ µÈ´Ù. |
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| GDH | glucose dehydrogenase; glutamate dehydrogenase; glycerophosphate dehydrogenase; glycol dehydrogenase... |
|---|---|
| LAD | lactic acid dehydrogenase; left anterior descending [artery]; left axis deviation; leukocyte adhesio... |
| GLDH | glutamic dehydrogenase |
| tRNA | GLU transfer ribonucleic acid glutamic acid |
| LADH | lactic acid dehydrogenase; liver alcohol dehydrogenase |
| GDH | Glutamic dehydrogenase |
|---|---|
| GDEE | 1-glutamic acid diethylester |
| Glu | 3H]L-glutamic acid |
| GAD | Anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase |
| D-GL | D-glutamic acid and D-lysine |
| glutamic acid dehydrogenases | Enzymes that catalyze the reaction of l-glutamate, H2O, and NAD+ (or NADP+ in some cases) producing alpha-ketoglutarate (2-oxoglutarate), ammonia, and NADH; in mammals, this is the prime contributor to oxidative deamination. Synonym: glutamic acid dehydrogenases. (05 Mar 2000) |
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| acyl glutamic acid amidohydrolase | <enzyme> Specific for long chain acyl groups such as lauroyl, myristoyl and palmitoyl Registry number: EC 3.5.1.- (26 Jun 1999) |
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| glutamic acid | <amino acid> One of the 20 _ amino acids commonly found in proteins. Plays a central role in amino acid metabolism, acting as precursor of glutamine, proline and arginine. Also acts as amino group donor in synthesis by transamination of alanine from pyruvate and aspartic acid from oxaloacetate. Glutamate is also a neurotransmitter, the product of its decarboxylation is the inhibitory neurotransmitter amino butyrate (GABA). (18 Nov 1997) |
| glutamic acid hydrochloride | A gastric acidifier alleged to aid in digestion; also used for gastric HCl replacement therapy. (05 Mar 2000) |
| poly(gamma-glutamic acid) | A polypeptide formed of glutamic acid residues, the gamma-carboxyl group of one glutamic acid being condensed to the amino group of its neighbor; occurs naturally in the anthrax bacillus capsule. (05 Mar 2000) |
| glutamic | <chemistry> Of or pertaining to gluten. Glutamic acid, a nitrogenous organic acid obtained from certain albuminoids, as gluten. Synonym: amido-glutaric acid. Origin: Gluten + -amic. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| glutamic-aspartic transaminase | <enzyme> An enzyme catalyzing the reversible transfer of an amine group from l-glutamic acid to oxaloacetic acid, forming alpha-ketoglutaric acid and l-aspartic acid; a diagnostic aid in viral hepatitis and in myocardial infarctions. Synonym: aspartate transaminase, glutamic-aspartic transaminase, glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase. (05 Mar 2000) |
| glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase | <enzyme> An enzyme catalyzing the reversible transfer of an amine group from l-glutamic acid to oxaloacetic acid, forming alpha-ketoglutaric acid and l-aspartic acid; a diagnostic aid in viral hepatitis and in myocardial infarctions. Synonym: aspartate transaminase, glutamic-aspartic transaminase, glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase. (05 Mar 2000) |
| glutamic-pyruvic transaminase | <enzyme> An enzyme that is found primarily in the liver. It is released into the bloodstream as the result of liver damage. Also called the alanine aminotransferase (ALT) or serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT). (27 Sep 1997) |
| serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase | <enzyme> An enzyme present in hepatocytes (liver cells) and heart cells. SGOT is released into the blood in larger quantities in cases where the heart or liver becomes damaged. Increased levels are usually associated with heart attacks or liver disease. Some medications can also raise blood SGOT levels. Another name for this test is the aspartate aminotransferase or AST. (27 Sep 1997) |
| serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase | <enzyme> An enzyme catalyzing the reversible transfer of an amine group from l-glutamic acid to oxaloacetic acid, forming alpha-ketoglutaric acid and l-aspartic acid; a diagnostic aid in viral hepatitis and in myocardial infarctions. Synonym: aspartate transaminase, glutamic-aspartic transaminase, glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase. (05 Mar 2000) |
| serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase | <enzyme> An enzyme that is found primarily in the liver. It is released into the bloodstream as the result of liver damage. Also called the alanine aminotransferase (ALT) or serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT). (27 Sep 1997) |
| serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase | <enzyme> An enzyme that is found primarily in the liver. It is released into the bloodstream as the result of liver damage. Also called the alanine aminotransferase (ALT) or serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT). (27 Sep 1997) |
| alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase | See: alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase. Anaerobic dehydrogenase, an enzyme (usually a pyridinoenzyme) catalyzing the transfer of hydrogen from some metabolite to some acceptor molecule (e.g., NAD+, cytochrome) other than oxygen; e.g., lactate dehydrogenase's, isocitrate dehydrogenase's, and others in EC class 1, excluding those listed under aerobic dehydrogenase. (05 Mar 2000) |
| alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex | See: alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase. Anaerobic dehydrogenase, an enzyme (usually a pyridinoenzyme) catalyzing the transfer of hydrogen from some metabolite to some acceptor molecule (e.g., NAD+, cytochrome) other than oxygen; e.g., lactate dehydrogenase's, isocitrate dehydrogenase's, and others in EC class 1, excluding those listed under aerobic dehydrogenase. (05 Mar 2000) |
| malic acid dehydrogenase | <enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses the conversion of (s)-malate and NAD+ to oxaloacetate and NADH. Chemical name: (S)-Malate:NAD+ oxidoreductase Registry number: EC 1.1.1.37 (12 Dec 1998) |
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