| gluco- | Combining form denoting relationship to glucose. See: glyco-. Origin: G. Gleukos, sweet new wine, sweetness (05 Mar 2000) |
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| glucoamylase | <enzyme> An enzyme that breaks down starches and dextrins into glucose. The enzyme is produced by fungi, especially those in the Aspergillus genus. (09 Oct 1997) |
| glucoascorbic acid | 3-Keto-d-glucoheptonofuranolactone;a compound resembling ascorbic acid but with an additional -CHOH-between C-5 and C-6 of ascorbic acid; shows toxic effects on addition to diet which apparently are not caused by ascorbic acid antagonism. (05 Mar 2000) |
| glucocerebrosidase deficiency | Causes Gaucher's disease (type 1), a progressive genetic disease due to an enzyme defect. The enzyme, glucocerebrosidase, is needed to break down the chemical glucocerebroside. The enzyme defect in persons with Gaucher's disease (GD) leads to the accumulation of glucocerebroside in the spleen, liver, and lymph nodes. The most common early sign is enlargement of the spleen (located in the upper left abdomen). Other signs include low red blood cell counts (anaemia), a decrease in blood clotting cells (platelets), increased pigmentation of the skin, and a yellow fatty spot on the white of the eye (a pinguecula). Severe bone involvement can lead to pain and collapse of the bone of the hips, shoulders, and spine. The GD gene is on chromosome 1. The disease is a recessive trait. Both parents carry a GD gene and transmit it for their child with the disease. The parents' risk of a child with the disease is 1 in 4 with each pregnancy. This type of Gaucher's disease (noncerebral juvenile Gaucher's disease) is most common in Ashkenazi Jews (of European origin) and is the most common genetic disease among Jews in the United States. (12 Dec 1998) |
| glucocerebroside | <biochemistry> A cerebroside (a sugar lipid complex) which includes the sugar glucose. The acid amide part of a fatty acid which has glucosidic linkages. (09 Oct 1997) |
| glucocorticoid | <pharmacology> Corticosteroid substances (drugs or hormones) that are involved in carbohydrate metabolism by promoting gluconeogenesis and the formation of glycogen at the expense of lipid and protein synthesis. They are steroid based and possess anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. Glucocorticoids are also produced normally by the adrenal cortex and provide for the response to stress. Examples include: prednisolone, methylprednisolone, hydrocortisone, betamethasone and dexamethasone. (29 Sep 1997) |
| glucocorticoids | A group of corticosteroids that affect carbohydrate metabolism (gluconeogenesis, liver glycogen deposition, elevation of blood sugar), inhibit corticotropin secretion, and possess pronounced anti-inflammatory activity. They also play a role in fat and protein metabolism, maintenance of arterial blood pressure, alteration of the connective tissue response to injury, reduction in the number of circulating lymphocytes, and functioning of the central nervous system. (12 Dec 1998) |
| glucocorticoids, synthetic | <chemical> Synthetic chemical compounds which increase gluconeogenesis, raising the concentration of liver glycogen and blood sugar, but differ in structure from naturally occurring glucocorticoids. Pharmacological action: steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, topical anti-inflammatory agents. (12 Dec 1998) |
| glucocorticoids, topical | A class of corticosteroids that produces suppression of inflammatory diseases when applied as ointments, lotions, or other topical dosage forms. Penetration of the preparations may be increased by means of occlusive dressings. (12 Dec 1998) |
| glucocorticosteroids | Medications used to decrease swelling around tumours. (16 Dec 1997) |
| glucocorticotrophic | Denoting a principle of the anterior hypophysis that stimulates the production of glucocorticoid hormones of the adrenal cortex; no hormone exerting only this effect has been identified, but ACTH does stimulate adrenal corticoid production. (05 Mar 2000) |
| glucocyamine | HN==C(NH2)NH-CH2COOH; 2-guanidinoacetic acid;formed by the transfer of the amidine group from l-arginine to glycine. Synonym: glucocyamine. (05 Mar 2000) |
| glucofuranose | Glucose in furanose form. (05 Mar 2000) |
| glucogenesis | The making of molecules of the sugar glucose within a living cell from something other than glycogen (a polysaccharide of glucose molecules). (09 Oct 1997) |
| glucogenic | Giving rise to or producing glucose. Synonym: glucoplastic. (05 Mar 2000) |