| founder | <veterinary> A lameness in the foot of a horse, occasioned by inflammation; closh. An inflammatory fever of the body, or acute rheumatism; as, chest founder. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
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| founder cell | Cell that gives rise to tissue by clonal expansion. For most mammalian tissues there are considerably more than two founder cells, as can be determined by forming chimeras from genetically distinguishable embryos, but single founder cells have been found for the intestine and germ line in Caenorhabditis elegans. (18 Nov 1997) |
| founder effect | The establishment of a new population by a few original founders (in an extreme case, by a single fertilized female) which carry only a small fraction of the total genetic variation of the parental population [Ernst Mayr, 1963]. The result is that a given allele, gene, chromosome, or part of a chromosome found in members of the population can be traced back to one ancestral individual. (09 Oct 1997) |
| founder principle | The conditional probabilities of the frequencies of a set of genes at any future date depend on the initial composition of the founders of the population and have in general no tendency to revert to the composition of the population from which the founders were themselves derived. (05 Mar 2000) |
| foundershaft | <chemical> The first shaft sunk. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| brass founder's ague | An occupational disease, characterised by malaria-like symptoms, due to inhalation of particles and fumes of metallic oxides. Fumes are formed by evaporation at very high temperature and condensation in air into fine particles. Synonym: brass founder's ague, foundryman's fever, metal fume fever, zinc fume fever. (05 Mar 2000) |
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| brass founder's fever | An occupational disease, characterised by malaria-like symptoms, due to inhalation of particles and fumes of metallic oxides. Fumes are formed by evaporation at very high temperature and condensation in air into fine particles. Synonym: brass founder's ague, foundryman's fever, metal fume fever, zinc fume fever. (05 Mar 2000) |
| effect, founder | A population group with an unusual frequency of a gene due to there having been only a small number of original members ( founders ) one or more of whom had that gene. For example, the gene for Huntington disease was introduced into the Lake Maracaibo region of Venezuela early in the 19th century, so there are now over a hundred persons with Huntington disease and at least 900 persons at risk for that deadly disease in that region, the largest known aggregation known in the world with the Huntington gene. (12 Dec 1998) |