| 영문 | adverse effect | 한글 | 역효과, 유해효과 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 약물에 의한 치료를 할 때 나타나는 치료목적에 부합되지 않는 불쾌한 작용, 즉 부작용을 역효과로 표현하는 경우가 있다. 세계보건기구(WHO)에서는 역효과란 “예방, 진단, 치료의 목적으로 사람에게 상용량의 약을 사용하였을 때 발현하는 장애로, 의도하지 않은 작용”이라고 정의하고 있다. 약물에 의한 치료를 할 때, 특히 주목하여야 할 일반적인 역효과로서 약물알레르기, 조혈장기 장애, 간-콩팥의 장애, 물질 대사 장애 등이 있다. 이 외에 임산부에게 투여하여 발생한 기형발생, 마약, 각성제, 기타 향정신제에 의한 의존성 형성도 중요하다. |
||
| Bmod | behavior modification |
|---|---|
| CM | California mastitis [test]; calmodulin; capreomycin; carboxymethyl; cardiac murmur; cardiac muscle; ... |
| CMS | children's medical services; Christian Medical Society; chronic myelodysplastic syndrome; chromosome... |
| EBM | electrophysiologic behavior modification; epidermal basement membrane; evidence-based medicine; expr... |
| ICD-9-CM | International Classification of Diseases-ninth revision-Clinical Modification |
| DMF | Dose modification factors |
|---|---|
| ICD9CM | International Classification of Diseases 9th Revision Clinical Modification |
| ICD-9 CM | International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification |
| MDRD | Modification of Diet in Renal Disease |
| R-M | Restriction and modification |
| modification | 1. A nonhereditary change in an organism; e.g., one that is acquired from its own activity or environment. 2. A chemical or structural alteration in a molecule. Behaviour modification, the systematic use of principles of conditioning and learning, especially operant or instrumental conditioning, to teach certain skills or to extinguish undesirable behaviours, attitudes, or phobias. Chemical modification, alteration in the structure of a molecule, typically a macromolecule such as a protein, by chemical means; often, the covalent addition by some reagent. Covalent modification, alteration in the structure of a macromolecule by enzymatic means, resulting in a change in the properties of that macromolecule; frequently, this type of modification is physiologically relevant. (05 Mar 2000) |
|---|---|
| modification enzyme | <enzyme, molecular biology> An enzyme that introduces minor bases into DNA or RNA or that alters bases already incorporated. Serves to alter the sequence so that restriction enzymes will not damage the strand. (18 Nov 1997) |
| post-translational modification | The enzymatic processing of a polypeptide chain after translation from messenger RNA and after peptide bond formation has occurred. Examples include glycosylation, acylation, limited proteolysis, phosphorylation, isoprenylation. (10 Oct 1997) |
| ScrFI modification methylase | <enzyme> From lactococcus lactis subsp. Cremoris uc503; recognises sequence ccngg and forms m(5)ccngg; see also DNA modification methylase dsav and DNA modification methylase ssoii Registry number: EC 2.1.1.- Synonym: scrfi methylase (26 Jun 1999) |
| host restriction-modification | A bacterial system where the bacterium is able to destroy invading DNA from a bacteriophage (virus which infects bacteria) while at the same time preventing the destruction of their own DNA. The phage DNA is cleaved by a restriction enzyme made by the bacterium, the bacterial DNA is modified (usually with methylation) so that the enzyme will not destroy it. (09 Oct 1997) |
| Stirling's modification of Gram's stain | <technique> A stable aniline-crystal violet stain. (05 Mar 2000) |
| DNA modification | <molecular biology> A variety of chemical changes made to a DNA molecule just after it has been replicated. An example is DNA methylation. (09 Oct 1997) |
| DNA modification methylases | <enzyme> Enzymes that are part of the restriction-modification systems. They are responsible for producing a species-characteristic methylation pattern, on either adenine or cytosine residues, in a specific short base sequence in the host cell's own DNA. This methylated sequence will occur many times in the hosT-cell DNA and remain intact for the lifetime of the cell. Any DNA from another species which gains entry into a living cell and lacks the characteristic methylation pattern will be recognised by the restriction endonucleases of similar specificity and destroyed by cleavage. most have been studied in bacterial systems, but a few have been found in eukaryotic organisms. Registry number: EC 2.1.1.- (12 Dec 1998) |
| DNA restriction-modification enzymes | Systems consisting of two enzymes, a modification methylase and a restriction endonuclease. They are closely related in their specificity and protect the DNA of a given bacterial species. The methylase adds methyl groups to adenine or cytosine residues in the same target sequence that constitutes the restriction enzyme binding site. The methylation renders the target site resistant to restriction, thereby protecting DNA against cleavage. (12 Dec 1998) |
| abscopal effect | A reaction produced following irradiation but occurring outside the zone of actual radiation absorption. (05 Mar 2000) |
| additive effect | <biochemistry, chemistry> An additive effect is the overall biological effect two chemicals acting together and which is the simple sum of the effects of the chemicals acting independently. Compare: antagonism. (15 Jan 1998) |
| adverse effect | This is an abnormal or harmful effect to an organism caused by exposure to a chemical. It is indicated by some result such as death, a change in food or water consumption, altered body and organ weights, altered enzyme levels, or visible illness. An effect may be classed as adverse if it causes functional or anatomical damage, causes irreversible change in the homeostasis of the organism, or increases the susceptibility of the organism to other chemical or biological stress. A non-adverse effect will usually be reversed when the organism is no longer being exposed to the chemical. (09 Oct 1997) |
| Anrep effect | A small transient positive inotropic effect of abrupt increases of systolic aortic and left ventricular pressures related to recovery from transient subendocardial ischemia (e.g., cold pressor test). (05 Mar 2000) |
| antagonistic effect | This is the consequence of one chemical (or group of chemicals) counteracting the effects of another chemical, the opposing chemicals cancel out each other's effects. (09 Oct 1997) |
| Arias-Stella effect | Focal, unusual, decidual changes in endometrial epithelium, consisting of intraluminal budding, and nuclear enlargement and hyperchromatism with cytoplasmic swelling and vacuolation; may be associated with ectopic or uterine pregnancy. Synonym: Arias-Stella effect, Arias-Stella reaction. (05 Mar 2000) |
제품명 |
판매사 |
보험코드 | 성분/함량 | 구분/보험급여 |
|---|
제품명 |
판매사 |
보험코드 | 성분/함량 | 구분/보험급여 |
|---|