| complementary DNA cloning | <molecular biology, technique> A lab technique where a double-stranded cDNA molecule (or dscDNA) is inserted into a cloning vector (another DNA molecule which will continue to be capable of replication after insertion of foreign material), so that the gene encoded by the cDNA can be expressed (transcribed and used) or so many copies of the gene can be made. (09 Oct 1997) |
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| cloning, DNA | The use of DNA manipulation procedures to produce multiple copies of a single gene or segment of DNA. (12 Dec 1998) |
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| complementary DNA | <molecular biology> DNA that is synthesised from a messenger RNA template, the single-stranded form is often used as a probe in physical mapping to locate the gene or can be cloned in the double stranded form. Viral reverse transcriptase can be used to synthesise DNA that is complementary to RNA (for example an isolated mRNA). Acronym: cDNA (13 Nov 1997) |
| complementary DNA library | <molecular biology> A collection of all of the mRNA molecules present in a cell or organism, all turned into cDNA molecules with the enzyme reverse transcriptase, then inserted into vectors (other DNA molecules which can continue to replicate after addition of foreign DNA). The library can then be probed for the specific cDNA (and thus mRNA) of interest. (09 Oct 1997) |
| DNA cloning | The use of DNA manipulation procedures to produce multiple copies of a single gene or segment of DNA. (12 Dec 1998) |
| DNA, complementary | Single-stranded complementary DNA synthesised from an RNA template by the action of RNA-dependent DNA polymerase. Cdna (i.e., complementary DNA, not circular DNA, not c-DNA) is used in a variety of molecular cloning experiments as well as serving as a specific hybridization probe. (12 Dec 1998) |
| DNA-directed DNA polymerase | <enzyme> DNA-dependent DNA polymerases found in bacteria, animal and plant cells. During the replication process, these enzymes catalyze the addition of deoxyribonucleotide residues to the end of a DNA strand in the presence of DNA as template-primer. They also possess exonuclease activity and therefore function in DNA repair. Chemical name: Deoxynucleoside-triphosphate:DNA deoxynucleotidyltransferase (DNA-directed) Registry number: EC 2.7.7.7 (12 Dec 1998) |
| gene cloning | <molecular biology> The insertion of a DNA sequence into a vector that can then be propagated in a host organism, generating a large number of copies of the sequence. (18 Nov 1997) |
| cell cloning | The process of producing a group of cells (clones), all genetically identical, from a single ancestral cell. (12 Dec 1998) |
| megabase cloning | <molecular biology> The cloning of very large DNA fragments. (29 Oct 1998) |
| RNA, complementary | Synthetic transcripts of a specific DNA molecule or fragment, made by an in vitro transcription system. This crna can be labelled with radioactive uracil and then used as a probe. (12 Dec 1998) |
| cloning | <molecular biology> The process whereby clones are established asexually, where cells all genetically identical, to a single ancestor. In recombinant DNA technology, the use of DNA manipulation procedures to produce multiple copies of a single gene or segment of DNA is referred to as cloning DNA. The term covers various manipulations for isolating and establishing clones. In simple systems single cells may be isolated without precise knowledge of their genotype. In other systems partial or complete selection of chosen genotypes can be manipulated with gene cloning. In plants the term refers to natural or artificial vegitative propagation. (12 Mar 1998) |
| cloning, cell | The process of producing a group of cells (clones), all genetically identical, from a single ancestor. (12 Dec 1998) |
| cloning, molecular | The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells. (12 Dec 1998) |
| cloning, organism | The formation of one or more genetically identical organisms derived by vegetative reproduction from a single cell. The source nuclear material can be embryo-derived, foetus-derived, or taken from an adult somatic cell. (12 Dec 1998) |
| cloning vector | <molecular biology> A DNA molecule originating from a virus (plasmid vector), or the cell of a higher organism into which another DNA fragment of appropriate size can be integrated without loss of the vectors capacity for self- replication. Vectors introduce foreign DNA into host cells, where it can be reproduced in large quantities. They are also used to insert DNA from one cell type to another. Examples are plasmids, cosmids, and yeast artificial chromosomes, vectors are often recombinant molecules containing DNA sequences from several sources. Cloning vectors are usually designed to have convenient restriction sites that can be cut to generate sticky end to which the DNA that is to be cloned can be ligated easily. (12 Mar 1998) |