| cloaca | 1. <zoology> A common passage for faecal, urinary and reproductive discharge in most lower vertebrates. 2. <embryology> The terminal end of the hindgut before division into rectum, bladder and genital primordia. 3. <pathology> An opening in the involucrum of a necrosed bone. (18 Nov 1997) |
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| cloacal | Pertaining to the cloaca. (05 Mar 2000) |
| cloacal exstrophy | Congenital anomaly with two exstrophied bladder units separated by an exstrophied segment of intestine, which is usually caecum, receiving ileum superiorly and continuing distally to blend microcolon. A number of variants of anatomic disarray can occur. (05 Mar 2000) |
| cloacal membrane | A transitory membrane in the caudal area of the ventral wall of the embryo, separating the endodermal from the ectodermal cloaca; it is divided into anal and genitourinary membrane's that break down during the eighth to ninth week to establish the external opening for the alimentary and genitourinary tracts. (05 Mar 2000) |
| cloacal plate | A plate, composed of a layer of cloacal endoderm in contact with a layer of proctodeal ectoderm, which subsequently ruptures, forming the anal and urogenital openings of the embryo. (05 Mar 2000) |
| cloacal theory | The belief sometimes held by neurotic adults or children that a child is born, as a stool is passed, from a common opening. (05 Mar 2000) |
| cloacin | <chemical> A bacteriocin produced by a plasmid that can occur in several bacterial strains. It is a basic protein of molecular weight 56,000 and exists in a complex with its immunity protein which protects the host bacterium from its effects. Chemical name: Cloacin DF 13 (12 Dec 1998) |
| cloacitis | An inflammation of the cloacal mucosa of fowls, with ulceration and chronic discharge. (05 Mar 2000) |
| clobazam | A novel benzodiazepine psychotherapeutic agent in which the nitrogens in the heterocyclic ring are in the 1,5-rather than in the more usual 1,4-positions; an anxiolytic. (05 Mar 2000) |
| clobetasol | <chemical> Topical corticosteroid that is absorbed faster than fluocinonide. It is used in psoriasis, but may cause marked adrenocortical suppression. Pharmacological action: glucocorticoids, synthetic, glucocorticoids, topical. Chemical name: Pregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione, 21-chloro-9-fluoro-11,17-dihydroxy-16-methyl-, (11beta,16beta)- (12 Dec 1998) |
| clobetasol propionate | Pregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione,21-chloro-9-fluoro-11-hyroxy-16-methyl-17-(1-oxopropoxy)-,(11b,16b)-;an anti-inflammatory corticosteroid usually used in topical preparations. (05 Mar 2000) |
| clocortolone | 9-Chloro-6a-fluoro-11b,21-dihydroxy-16a-methylpregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione;an anti-inflammatory corticosteroid usually used in topical preparations; available as the acetate and the pivalate. (05 Mar 2000) |
| clodronic acid | <chemical> (dichloromethylene)bisphosphonic acid. A diphosphonate which affects calcium metabolism. It is an effective inhibitor of bone resorption and soft tissue calcification. Pharmacological action: analgesics, non-narcotic. Chemical name: Phosphonic acid, (dichloromethylene)bis- (12 Dec 1998) |
| clofazimine | <drug> An antileprosy agent sometimes administered in combination with other drugs to treat MAC. Possible side effects include gastrointestinal upset, skin discolouration and rashes. (09 Oct 1997) |
| clofenamide | 4-chloro-m-benzenedisulfonamide;a diuretic. Synonym: monochlorphenamide. (05 Mar 2000) |