| CR | calculation rate; calculus removed; calorie-restricted; cardiac rehabilitation; cardiac resuscitatio... |
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| CS | calf serum; campomelic syndrome; carcinoid syndrome; cardiogenic shock; caries-susceptible; carotid ... |
| ACCP | American College of Chest Physicians; American College of Clinical Pharmacology; American College of... |
| CC | calcaneal-cuboid; calcium cyclamate; cardiac catheterization; cardiac contusion; cardiac cycle; card... |
| CIS | carcinoma in situ; catheter-induced spasm; central inhibitory state; Chemical Information Service; c... |
| (1)H MRS | 1)H magnetic resonance spectroscopy |
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| MRS | 1)H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy |
| (31)P-MRS | 31)P magnetic resonance spectroscopy |
| MRS | 31)P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy |
| 31P-MRS | 31-Phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy |
| clinical spectroscopy | Spectroscopic examination of specimens of living tissue, including fluids removed therefrom. Synonym: clinical spectroscopy. Origin: bio-+ L. Spectrum, image, + G. Skopeo, to examine (05 Mar 2000) |
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| absorption spectroscopy | <investigation> This is the use of a spectrophotometer to measure the ability of particles (solutes) in a solution to absorb light through a range of specific wavelengths. Every compound absorbs light differently, so absorption spectra can be used to identify compounds, measure concentrations, and determine reaction rates. (15 Jan 1998) |
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| magnetic resonance spectroscopy | Detection and measurement of the resonant spectra of molecular species in a tissue or sample. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Parallel Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy | <technique> Electron energy loss spectroscopy analyses the inelastically scattered electrons present in the beam after it has been transmitted through the sample. An electron energy loss spectrum typically consists of a monatomic decreasing background on which are superimposed a number of peaks. Each peak is characteristic of the scattering process that has occurred in the sample. The peaks can be used to obtain information about the chemical composition and electronic structure of the sample. Electron energy loss spectra are acquired typically in a magnetic sector spectrometer located under the camera chamber of the transmission electron microscope. Spatial resolution is typically limited by the minimum probe diameter of the microscope. Electron energy loss spectroscopy tends to be complimentary to EDS in that it can be used to analyse very thin samples of low Z materials. Acronym: PEELS (05 Aug 1998) |
| spectroscopy | <procedure> Spectroscopy is the science of measuring the emission and absorption of different wavelengths (spectra) of visible and non-visible light, this can be done via a spectroscope, which consists of a slit, prism, collimator lens, object lens, and a grating. (09 Oct 1997) |
| spectroscopy, fourier transform infrared | A spectroscopic technique in which a range of wavelengths is presented simultaneously with an interferometer and the spectrum is mathematically derived from the pattern thus obtained. (12 Dec 1998) |
| spectroscopy, mossbauer | A spectroscopic technique which uses the mossbauer effect (inelastic scattering of gamma radiation resulting from interaction with heavy nuclei) to monitor the small variations in the interaction between an atomic nucleus and its environment. Such variations may be induced by changes in temperature, pressure, chemical state, molecular conformation, molecular interaction, or physical site. It is particularly useful for studies of structure-activity relationship in metalloproteins, mobility of heavy metals, and the state of whole tissue and cell membranes. (12 Dec 1998) |
| spectroscopy, near-infrared | A noninvasive technique that uses the differential absorption properties of haemoglobin and myoglobin to evaluate tissue oxygenation and indirectly can measure regional haemodynamics and blood flow. Near-infrared light (nir) can propagate through tissues and at particular wavelengths is differentially absorbed by oxgenated vs. Deoxygenated forms of haemoglobin and myoglobin. Illumination of intact tissue with nir allows qualitative assessment of changes in the tissue concentration of these molecules. The analysis is also used to determine body composition. (12 Dec 1998) |
| infrared spectroscopy | The study of the specific absorption in the infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum; used in the study of the chemical bonds within molecules. (05 Mar 2000) |
| electron spin resonance spectroscopy | <radiology> A technique applicable to the wide variety of substances which exhibit paramagnetism because of the magnetic moments of unpaired electrons. The spectra are useful for detection and identification, for determination of electron structure, for study of interactions between molecules, and for measurement of nuclear spins and moments. electron nuclear double resonance (endor) spectroscopy is a variant of the technique which can give enhanced resolution. Electron spin resonance analysis can now be used in vivo, including imaging applications. (12 Dec 1998) |
| Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy | <technique> A microanalytical technique that is based on the characteristic X-ray peaks that are generated when the high energy beam of the electron microscope interacts with the specimen. Each element yields a characteristic spectral fingerprint that may be used to identify the presence of that element within the sample. The relative intensities of the spectral peaks may be used to determine the relative concentrations of each element in the specimen. The X-ray signal is detected by a solid-state silicon-lithium detector and the construction and efficiency of this detector sets a lower limit on the atomic number that may be detected. Generally elements heavier than carbon (Z=5) are detectable. Acronym: EDS (05 Aug 1998) |
| Addison's clinical planes | A series of plane's used as landmarks in thoracoabdominal topography; the trunk is divided vertically by a median plane from the upper border of the manubrium of the sternum to the pubic symphysis, by a lateral plane drawn vertically on either side through a point half way between the anterior superior iliac spine and the median plane at the interspinal plane, and by an interspinal plane passing vertically through the anterior superior iliac spine on either side; transversely the trunk is divided by a transthoracic plane passing across the thorax 3.2 cm above the lower border of the body of the sternum, by a transpyloric plane midway between the jugular notch of the sternum and the pubic symphysis, corresponding to the disc between the first and second lumbar vertebrae, and by an intertubercular plane passing through the iliac tubercles and cutting usually the fifth lumbar vertebra; the plane's formed on these lines, and also on transverse plane's cutting the upper edge of the manubrium and the upper edge of the pubic symphysis, constitute the clinical plane's of Addison. (05 Mar 2000) |
| pathology, clinical | A subspecialty of pathology which deals with the laboratory analysis of specimens of human blood and other fluids. (12 Dec 1998) |
| chemistry, clinical | The specialty of analytical chemistry applied to assays of physiologically important substances found in blood, urine, tissues, and other biological fluids for the purpose of aiding the physician in making a diagnosis or following therapy. (12 Dec 1998) |
| pharmacology, clinical | The branch of pharmacology that deals directly with the effectiveness and safety of drugs in humans. (12 Dec 1998) |
| phase I clinical trial | <pharmacology> The earliest stage clinical trial for studying an experimental drug in humans. Phase I trials are generally comparatively small and are used to determine toxicity and maximum dose. They provide an initial evaluation of a drug's safety and pharmacokinetics-how the drug is absorbed, what tissues it reaches and how long it takes to leave the body. Such studies also usually test various doses of the drug (dose-ranging) to obtain an indication of the appropriate dose to use in later studies. The patients in these trials usually have advanced disease and have already received best available chemotherapy, therefore, seeing a repose is significant partially because this means there is a lack of cross-resistance between two anti-cancer drugs. (31 Dec 1997) |
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