| clinical burden | A burden that differs from genetic burden mainly in the added component of morbidity; a trait that is neither a clinical or a genetic lethal may be grossly disabling. (05 Mar 2000) |
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| body burden | The total amount of a chemical, metal or radioactive substance present at any time after absorption in the body of man or animal. (12 Dec 1998) |
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| burden | 1. To encumber with weight (literal or figurative); to lay a heavy load upon; to load. "I mean not that other men be eased, and ye burdened." (2 Cor. Viii. 13) 2. To oppress with anything grievous or trying; to overload; as, to burden a nation with taxes. "My burdened heart would break." (Shak) 3. To impose, as a load or burden; to lay or place as a burden (something heavy or objectionable). "It is absurd to burden this act on Cromwell." (Coleridge) Synonym: To load, encumber, overload, oppress. Origin: Burdened; Burdening. 1. That which is borne or carried; a load. "Plants with goodly burden bowing." (Shak) 2. That which is borne with labour or difficulty; that which is grievous, wearisome, or oppressive. "Deaf, giddy, helpless, left alone, To all my friends a burden grown." (Swift) 3. The capacity of a vessel, or the weight of cargo that she will carry; as, a ship of a hundred tons burden. 4. <chemical> The tops or heads of stream-work which lie over the stream of tin. 5. <chemistry> The proportion of ore and flux to fuel, in the charge of a blast furnace. 6. A fixed quantity of certain commodities; as, a burden of gad steel, 120 pounds. 7. A birth. Beast of burden, an animal employed in carrying burdens. Burden of proof, the duty of proving a particular position in a court of law, a failure in the performance of which duty calls for judgment against the party on whom the duty is imposed. Synonym: Burden, Load. A burden is, in the literal sense, a weight to be borne; a load is something laid upon us to be carried. Hence, when used figuratively, there is usually a difference between the two words. Our burdens may be of such a nature that we feel bound to bear them cheerfully or without complaint. They may arise from the nature of our situation; they may be allotments of Providence; they may be the consequences of our errors. What is upon us, as a load, we commonly carry with greater reluctance or sense of oppression. Men often find the charge of their own families to be a burden; but if to this be added a load of care for others, the pressure is usually serve and irksome. Origin: OE. Burden, burthen, birthen, birden, AS. Byrthen; akin to Icel. Byrthi, Dan. Byrde, Sw. Borda, G. Burde, OHG. Burdi, Goth. Baorei, fr. The root of E. Bear, AS. Beran, Goth. Bairan. 92. See 1st Bear. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| genetic burden | The genetic debt due to harmful mutation but as yet undischarged. (In a large population of fixed size every mutation with diminished genetic fitness will eventually become extinct and depending on the details of inheritance and phenotype must be paid for by a fixed number of genetic deaths per mutation, the genetic debt.) (05 Mar 2000) |
| worm burden | <epidemiology> The number of worms an individual host carries. Sometimes directly measurable ( Ascaris ), sometimes only indirectly (schistosomiasis). (05 Dec 1998) |
| tumour burden | <oncology> The size of the tumour or number of abnormal cells in the organ or tissue. (16 Dec 1997) |
| Addison's clinical planes | A series of plane's used as landmarks in thoracoabdominal topography; the trunk is divided vertically by a median plane from the upper border of the manubrium of the sternum to the pubic symphysis, by a lateral plane drawn vertically on either side through a point half way between the anterior superior iliac spine and the median plane at the interspinal plane, and by an interspinal plane passing vertically through the anterior superior iliac spine on either side; transversely the trunk is divided by a transthoracic plane passing across the thorax 3.2 cm above the lower border of the body of the sternum, by a transpyloric plane midway between the jugular notch of the sternum and the pubic symphysis, corresponding to the disc between the first and second lumbar vertebrae, and by an intertubercular plane passing through the iliac tubercles and cutting usually the fifth lumbar vertebra; the plane's formed on these lines, and also on transverse plane's cutting the upper edge of the manubrium and the upper edge of the pubic symphysis, constitute the clinical plane's of Addison. (05 Mar 2000) |
| pathology, clinical | A subspecialty of pathology which deals with the laboratory analysis of specimens of human blood and other fluids. (12 Dec 1998) |
| chemistry, clinical | The specialty of analytical chemistry applied to assays of physiologically important substances found in blood, urine, tissues, and other biological fluids for the purpose of aiding the physician in making a diagnosis or following therapy. (12 Dec 1998) |
| pharmacology, clinical | The branch of pharmacology that deals directly with the effectiveness and safety of drugs in humans. (12 Dec 1998) |
| phase I clinical trial | <pharmacology> The earliest stage clinical trial for studying an experimental drug in humans. Phase I trials are generally comparatively small and are used to determine toxicity and maximum dose. They provide an initial evaluation of a drug's safety and pharmacokinetics-how the drug is absorbed, what tissues it reaches and how long it takes to leave the body. Such studies also usually test various doses of the drug (dose-ranging) to obtain an indication of the appropriate dose to use in later studies. The patients in these trials usually have advanced disease and have already received best available chemotherapy, therefore, seeing a repose is significant partially because this means there is a lack of cross-resistance between two anti-cancer drugs. (31 Dec 1997) |
| phase II clinical trial | <pharmacology> Usually focus on the activity of the new product as a single agent in a noncomparative, open study. (31 Dec 1997) |
| phase III clinical trial | <pharmacology> An advanced stage clinical trial that should conclusively show how well a drug works as compared to other treatments. Phase III trials are large, frequently multi-institution tests. They generally compare the relative value of the new drug compared with the current standard treatment and measure whether a new drug extends survival or otherwise improves the health of patients on treatment (clinical improvement) rather than just provide surrogate marker data. These studies generally last longer and are larger than phase II trials. (31 Dec 1997) |
| Millon clinical multiaxial inventory | A paper and pencil test, consisting of 20 clinical scales derived from 175 self-descriptive statements, and developed in 1977 for use in the assessment of psychopathology and the more enduring patterns of personality; specifically designed to correspond with some of the disorders of personality included in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders used in diagnosis by mental health professionals. Synonym: Millon clinical multiaxial inventory. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory test | A paper and pencil test, consisting of 20 clinical scales derived from 175 self-descriptive statements, and developed in 1977 for use in the assessment of psychopathology and the more enduring patterns of personality; specifically designed to correspond with some of the disorders of personality included in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders used in diagnosis by mental health professionals. Synonym: Millon clinical multiaxial inventory. (05 Mar 2000) |
| clinical | 1. Pertaining to a clinic or to the bedside. 2. Pertaining to or founded on actual observation and treatment of patients, as distinguished from theoretical or basis sciences. (18 Nov 1997) |