| bur | A rotary cutting instrument, used in dentistry, consisting of a small metal shaft and a head designed in various shapes; used at various rotational velocities for excavating decay, shaping cavity forms, and for reduction of tooth structure. See: burr. (05 Mar 2000) |
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| bur drill | See: bur. (05 Mar 2000) |
| bur fish | <zoology> A spinose, plectognath fish of the Allantic coast of the United States (especially. Chilo mycterus geometricus) having the power of distending its body with water or air, so as to resemble a chestnut bur. Synonym: ball fish, balloon fish, and swellfish. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| burbot | <zoology> A fresh water fish of the genus Lota, having on the nose two very small barbels, and a larger one on the chin. Alternative forms: burbolt. The fish is also called an eelpout or ling, and is allied to the codfish. The Lota vulgaris is a common European species. An American species (L. Maculosa) is found in new England, the Great Lakes, and farther north. Origin: F. Barbote, fr. Barbe beard. See 1st Barb. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| Burchard, H | <person> 19th century German chemist. See: Burchard-Liebermann reaction, Liebermann-Burchard test. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Burchard-Liebermann reaction | A blue-green colour produced by acetic anhydride with cholesterol (and other sterols) dissolved in chloroform, when a few drops of concentrated sulfuric acid are added. See: Liebermann-Burchard test. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Burdach's column | The larger lateral subdivision of the posterior funiculus. Synonym: fasciculus cuneatus, Burdach's column, Burdach's fasciculus, Burdach's tract, cuneate funiculus, wedge-shaped fasciculus. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Burdach's fasciculus | The larger lateral subdivision of the posterior funiculus. Synonym: fasciculus cuneatus, Burdach's column, Burdach's fasciculus, Burdach's tract, cuneate funiculus, wedge-shaped fasciculus. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Burdach's nucleus | The larger Burdach's nucleus; one of the three nuclei of the posterior column of the spinal cord; located near the dorsal surface of the medulla oblongata at and below the level of the obex, the nucleus receives posterior root fibres corresponding to the sensory innervation of the arm and hand of the same side; together with its medial companion, the gracile nucleus, it is the major source of origin of the medial lemniscus. Synonym: nucleus cuneatus, Burdach's nucleus, nucleus funiculi cuneati, nucleus of cuneate fasciculus. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Burdach's tract | The larger lateral subdivision of the posterior funiculus. Synonym: fasciculus cuneatus, Burdach's column, Burdach's fasciculus, Burdach's tract, cuneate funiculus, wedge-shaped fasciculus. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Burdach, Karl | <person> German anatomist and physiologist, 1776-1847. See: Burdach's column, Burdach's fasciculus, Burdach's nucleus, Burdach's tract. (05 Mar 2000) |
| burden | 1. To encumber with weight (literal or figurative); to lay a heavy load upon; to load. "I mean not that other men be eased, and ye burdened." (2 Cor. Viii. 13) 2. To oppress with anything grievous or trying; to overload; as, to burden a nation with taxes. "My burdened heart would break." (Shak) 3. To impose, as a load or burden; to lay or place as a burden (something heavy or objectionable). "It is absurd to burden this act on Cromwell." (Coleridge) Synonym: To load, encumber, overload, oppress. Origin: Burdened; Burdening. 1. That which is borne or carried; a load. "Plants with goodly burden bowing." (Shak) 2. That which is borne with labour or difficulty; that which is grievous, wearisome, or oppressive. "Deaf, giddy, helpless, left alone, To all my friends a burden grown." (Swift) 3. The capacity of a vessel, or the weight of cargo that she will carry; as, a ship of a hundred tons burden. 4. <chemical> The tops or heads of stream-work which lie over the stream of tin. 5. <chemistry> The proportion of ore and flux to fuel, in the charge of a blast furnace. 6. A fixed quantity of certain commodities; as, a burden of gad steel, 120 pounds. 7. A birth. Beast of burden, an animal employed in carrying burdens. Burden of proof, the duty of proving a particular position in a court of law, a failure in the performance of which duty calls for judgment against the party on whom the duty is imposed. Synonym: Burden, Load. A burden is, in the literal sense, a weight to be borne; a load is something laid upon us to be carried. Hence, when used figuratively, there is usually a difference between the two words. Our burdens may be of such a nature that we feel bound to bear them cheerfully or without complaint. They may arise from the nature of our situation; they may be allotments of Providence; they may be the consequences of our errors. What is upon us, as a load, we commonly carry with greater reluctance or sense of oppression. Men often find the charge of their own families to be a burden; but if to this be added a load of care for others, the pressure is usually serve and irksome. Origin: OE. Burden, burthen, birthen, birden, AS. Byrthen; akin to Icel. Byrthi, Dan. Byrde, Sw. Borda, G. Burde, OHG. Burdi, Goth. Baorei, fr. The root of E. Bear, AS. Beran, Goth. Bairan. 92. See 1st Bear. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| burdock | <botany> A genus of coarse biennial herbs (Lappa), bearing small burs which adhere tenaciously to clothes, or to the fur or wool of animals. The common burdock is the Lappa officinalis. Origin: Bur + dock the plant. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| Burdwan fever | A chronic disease, occurring in India, Assam, China, the area formerly known as the Mediterranean littoral areas, the Middle East, India, Pakistan, China, South and Central America, Asia, Africa caused by Leishmania donovani and transmitted by the bite of an appropriate species of sandfly of the genus Phlebotomus or Lutzomyia; the organisms grow and multiply in macrophages, eventually causing them to burst and liberate amastigote parasites which then invade other macrophages; proliferation of macrophages in the bone marrow causes crowding out of erythroid and myeloid elements, resulting in leukopenia, and anaemia, splenomegaly, and hepatomegaly which are characteristic, along with enlargement of lymph nodes; fever, fatigue, malaise, and secondary infections also occur; different strains of leishmaniasis donovani occur; leishmaniasis infantum in Eurasia, leishmaniasis chagasi in Latin America. Synonym: Assam fever, black sickness, Burdwan fever, cachectic fever, Dumdum fever, kala azar, tropical splenomegaly. (05 Mar 2000) |
| bureau | Origin: F. Bureau a writing table, desk, office, OF, drugget, with which a writing table was often covered, equiv. To F. Bure, and fr. OF. Buire dark brown, the stuff being named from its colour, fr. L. Burrus red, fr. Gr. Flame-coloured, prob. Fr. Fire. See Fire, and cf. Borel. 1. Originally, a desk or writing table with drawers for papers. 2. The place where such a bureau is used; an office where business requiring writing is transacted. 3. Hence: A department of public business requiring a force of clerks; the body of officials in a department who labour under the direction of a chief. On the continent of Europe, the highest departments, in most countries, have the name of bureaux; as, the Bureau of the Minister of Foreign Affairs. In England and America, the term is confined to inferior and subordinate departments; as, the "Pension Bureau," a subdepartment of the Department of the Interior. In Spanish, bureo denotes a court of justice for the trial of persons belonging to the king's household. 4. A chest of drawers for clothes, especially when made as an ornamental piece of furniture. Bureau system. See Bureaucracy. Bureau Veritas, an institution, in the interest of maritime underwriters, for the survey and rating of vessels all over the world. It was founded in Belgium in 1828, removed to Paris in 1830, and reestablished in Brussels in 1870. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| round bur | A dental bur with the cutting blades spherically arranged. (05 Mar 2000) |
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| cross-cut bur | A bur with blades located at right angles to its long axis. (05 Mar 2000) |
| inverted cone bur | A rotary cutting instrument in the shape of a truncated cone with the smaller end attached to the shaft; generally used for entering carious pits or creating undercuts in cavity preparations. (05 Mar 2000) |
| end-cutting bur | A bur with blades only on its end. (05 Mar 2000) |
| finishing bur | A bur with numerous fine cutting blades placed close together; used to contour metallic restorations. (05 Mar 2000) |
| fissure bur | A cylindrical or tapered rotary cutting tool intended for extending or widening fissures in a tooth, as for general surface reduction of tooth substance. (05 Mar 2000) |