| binary compound | <chemistry> This refers to any compound that is composed of only two elements. (09 Oct 1997) |
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| binary | Compounded or consisting of two things or parts; characterised by two (things). Binary arithmetic, that in which numbers are expressed according to the binary scale, or in which two figures only, 0 and 1, are used, in lieu of ten; the cipher multiplying everything by two, as in common arithmetic by ten. Thus, 1 is one; 10 is two; 11 is three; 100 is four, etc. <chemistry> Binary compound, the theory that all chemical compounds consist of two constituents of opposite and unlike qualities. Origin: L. Binarius, fr. Bini two by two, two at a time, fr. Root of bis twice; akin to E. Two: cf. F. Binaire. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
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| binary acid | <chemistry> This refers to any compound that acts as an acid and which is composed of hydrogen plus only one other element. (09 Oct 1997) |
| binary collisions | <radiobiology> Collisions involving only two particles, multiparticle collisions (e.g., three-body collisions) are usually neglected or approximated. (09 Oct 1997) |
| binary combination | The name of a species of bacteria consisting of two parts: a generic name and a specific epithet. (05 Mar 2000) |
| binary complex | A noncovalent complex of two molecules; often referring to the enzyme-substrate complex in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. Compare: central complex, Michaelis complex. Synonym: enzyme-substrate complex. (05 Mar 2000) |
| binary digit | The smallest unit of digital information expressed in the binary system of notation (either 0 or 1). The signal in computing. (05 Mar 2000) |
| binary fission | <cell biology> Division of a cell into two daughter cells after DNA replication and nuclear division (mitosis). A form of asexual reproduction. (09 Oct 1997) |
| binary nomenclature | The system of nomenclature in which the names of species are composed of two parts, a generic name and a specific epithet (species name, in botany). Synonym: binary nomenclature, binomial nomenclature. Origin: Carl von Linne (05 Mar 2000) |
| binary process | A random event with two exhaustive and mutually exclusive outcomes; a Bernoulli process. (05 Mar 2000) |
| acetone compound | <biochemistry> Any of the three compounds created by acetyl coenzyme A (acetoacetate, hydroxybutyrate, and acetone) which are water-soluble cellular fuels normally exported by the liver. They can build up in the blood and body tissues because of starvation, untreated diabetes mellitus, or other disorders that interfere with carbohydrate metabolism. The body rids itself of ketones mainly through urine, but it rids itself of acetone through the lungs, which gives the breath a characteristic fruity odour. If ketones build up in the body long enough, they cause serious illness and coma (see ketoacidosis.) (09 Oct 1997) |
| acyclic compound | An organic compound in which the chain does not form a ring. Synonym: aliphatic compound, open chain compound. (05 Mar 2000) |
| addition compound | Strictly, a complex of two or more complete molecules in which each preserves its fundamental structure and no covalent bonds are made or broken (e.g., hydrates of salts, adducts), loosely, association of acids with basic organic compound's (e.g., amines with HCl), more loosely, addition of two molecules without loss of any atom, but forming new covalent bonds (e.g., CH2==CH2 + Br2 → BrCH2-CH2Br). (05 Mar 2000) |
| aliphatic compound | An organic compound in which the chain does not form a ring. Synonym: aliphatic compound, open chain compound. (05 Mar 2000) |
| APC compound | An analgesic tablet drug combination containing aspirin, phenacetin and caffeine. Very widely used in the 1940's through 1960's; original constituents of popular over-the-counter pain remedies. Use currently much diminished due to concerns about potential renal injury due to the phenacetin. (05 Mar 2000) |
| aromatic compound | Any compound in which the constituent atoms, or any part of them, form a ring. Used mainly in organic chemistry where: 1) numerous compound's contain rings of carbon atoms (carbocyclic compound's) or carbon atoms plus one or more atoms of other types (heterocyclic compound's), usually nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; 2) where the atoms in the ring are all of the same element (homocyclic or isocyclic compound); 3) where the ring is saturated or contains nonconjugated double bonds (alicyclic compound), the compound is similar in properties to the corresponding acyclic compound (e.g., cyclohexane resembles hexane); 4) where the ring contains conjugated double bonds in a closed loop in which there are 4n + 2 (where n is an integer) delocalised π electrons (Huckel's rule) (aromatic compound; e.g., benzene, pyridine), it is more stable than the corresponding saturated ring and exhibits unusual chemical properties characteristic of itself and not of other types of rings or of acyclic compound's. These aromatic compounds have the ability to sustain an induced ring current. Synonym: closed chain compound, ring compound. (05 Mar 2000) |