| antibiotics, aminoglycoside | Antibiotics whose structure contains amino sugars attached to an aminocyclitol ring (hexose nucleus) by glycosidic bonds. Aminoglycoside antibiotics are derived from various species of streptomyces and micromonospora or are produced synthetically. They act by inhibiting protein synthesis. (12 Dec 1998) |
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| 6'-aminoglycoside acetyltransferase-2''-aminoglycoside phosphotransferase | <enzyme> Bifunctional enzyme which confers resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotic including gentamicin, tobramycin and amikacin; type aph(2'') with two apostrophes, not quotes Registry number: EC 2.- Synonym: aac(6')-aph(2'') (26 Jun 1999) |
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| aminoglycoside | <pharmacology> A group of antibiotics active against many aerobic gram-negative and some gram-positive bacteria. They are mostly produced by fungi and contain an amino sugar, and amino-or guanido-substituted inositol ring which are attached by a glycosidic linkage to a hexose nucleus resulting in a polycationic and highly polar compound. They inhibit bacterial protein synthesis by binding to a site on the 30S ribosomal subunit thereby altering codon anticodon recognition. They are all broad-spectrum antibiotics and can cause renal toxicity and ototoxicity. Common examples are streptomycin, gentamicin, amikacin, kanamycin, tobramycin, netilmicin, neomycin, framycetin. (13 Oct 1997) |
| aminoglycoside 3'-phosphotransferase | <enzyme> A bacterial enzyme which confers resistance to the antibiotic neomycin.The APH gene is used as a selectable marker in genetic experiments, whereby bacterial cells which do not have the gene are eliminated from a population and thus selected against when exposed to neomycin. (13 Oct 1997) |
| aminoglycoside 6-adenylyltransferase | <enzyme> From bacillus subtilis marburg Registry number: EC 2.7.7.- Synonym: aminoglycoside 6-adenyltransferase, ag-6-atransferase (26 Jun 1999) |
| aminoglycoside acetyltransferase | <enzyme> See also gentamicin acetyltransferase Registry number: EC 2.3.1.- Synonym: aminocyclitol acetyltransferase, neomycin acetyltransferase (26 Jun 1999) |
| aminoglycoside N1-acetyltransferase | <enzyme> Monoacetylates apramycin, butirosin, lividomycin and paromomycin at the c1 amino group and diacetylates ribostamycin and neomycin, at the c1 amino and possibly at the 6' amino group Registry number: EC 2.3.1.- Synonym: acc1 enzyme, paromomycin acetyltransferase (26 Jun 1999) |
| aminoglycoside N(3')-acetyltransferase | <enzyme> Catalyses the reaction of CoA and acetyl-2-deoxystreptamine antibiotic to yield acetyl-CoA and a 2-deoxystreptamine antibiotic; has broad specificity; acts on gentamicin, tobramycin, sisomicin, netilmicin, kanamycin, neomycin and apramycin Registry number: EC 2.3.1.81 Synonym: aac(3)-iv, aminoglycoside-(3)-n-acetyltransferase iv (26 Jun 1999) |
| aminoglycoside N(6')-acetyltransferase | <enzyme> The antibiotic kanamycin, gentamicin, tobramycin, and neomycin can act as an acceptor; has to be 6'-acetyltransferase Registry number: EC 2.3.1.82 Synonym: amikacin acetyltransferase, aminoglycoside-6'-n-acetyltransferase, gentamicin 6'-acetyltransferase, 6' gat gene product, aac(6') (26 Jun 1999) |
| aminoglycoside phosphoribosyltransferase | <enzyme> Coded by neo-gene; involved in kanamycin resistance; no other information given on reaction 8/93 Registry number: EC 2.4.2.- Synonym: aminoglycosidephosphoribosyltransferase (26 Jun 1999) |
| antibiotics | Drugs that fight infections. (12 Dec 1998) |
| antibiotics, anthracycline | Antibiotics which have a tetrahydronaphthacenedione ring structure attached by a glycosidic linkage to a sugar molecule. These antibiotics have potent antineoplastic activity. The two best known members of this group are daunorubicin and doxorubicin. Since these agents intercalate with DNA, many DNA functions are adversely affected. Futhermore they interact with cell membranes thereby altering their functions and also generate hydrogen peroxide and hydroxy radicals which are highly destructive to cells. (12 Dec 1998) |
| antibiotics, antifungal | Antibiotics inhibiting the growth of or killing fungi and used in the treatment of various fungal diseases. (12 Dec 1998) |
| antibiotics, antineoplastic | Chemical substances, produced by microorganisms, inhibiting or preventing the development of neoplasms. (12 Dec 1998) |
| antibiotics, antitubercular | Substances obtained from various species of microorganisms that are, alone or in combination with other agents, of use in treating various forms of tuberculosis; most of these agents are merely bacteriostatic, induce resistance in the organisms, and may be toxic. (12 Dec 1998) |
| antibiotics, combined | Combination of antibiotics used against difficult-to-treat infections. Antibiotic combinations have been used mainly to broaden the antibacterial spectrum and prevent development of resistance. In some instances these combinations have shown lower toxicity, but drug antagonism may be one of the problems encountered by their use. They may be given simultaneously or sequentially. The drugs need not be in the same dosage form. (12 Dec 1998) |