| aliphatic | <biochemistry, chemistry> A major class of organic compounds where carbon and hydrogen molecules are arranged in straight or branched chains. A type of hydrocarbon that includes alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes. (13 Nov 1997) |
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| aliphatic acids | The acids of nonaromatic hydrocarbons (e.g., acetic, propionic, butyric acids); the so-called fatty acids of the formula R-COOH, where R is a nonaromatic (aliphatic) hydrocarbon. (05 Mar 2000) |
| aliphatic compound | An organic compound in which the chain does not form a ring. Synonym: aliphatic compound, open chain compound. (05 Mar 2000) |
| aliphatic nitrilase | <enzyme> Acts on aliphatic nitriles such as acrylonitrile, crotononitrile and glutaronitrile, forming a carboxylic acid + nh3; amino acid sequence given in first source Registry number: EC 3.5.5.- Synonym: rhodococcus rhodochrous k22 nitrilase, acrylonitrile nitrilase, glutaronitrile nitrilase (26 Jun 1999) |
| aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylases | <enzyme> A group of cytochrome p-450 (haem-thiolate) proteins which utilise reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor and incorporate one atom of oxygen. They act on many aromatic compounds. They are a component part of the mixed-function oxidase system and are important for the oxidation of many drugs and toxins such as phenobarbital, carcinogens, and insecticide. These enzymes are considered to be an aspect of EC 1.14.14.1. Registry number: EC 1.14.14.- (12 Dec 1998) |
| receptors, aryl hydrocarbon | Cytoplasmic proteins that bind certain aryl hydrocarbons, translocate to the nucleus, and activate transcription of particular DNA segments. Ah receptors are identified by their high-affinity binding to several carcinogenic or teratogenic environmental chemicals including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons found in cigarette smoke and smog, heterocyclic amines found in cooked foods, and halogenated hydrocarbons including dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls. No endogenous ligand has been identified, but an unknown natural messenger with a role in cell differentiation and development is suspected. (12 Dec 1998) |
| chlorinated hydrocarbon | A molecules which is almost entirely carbon and hydrogen, but has had at least one chlorine atom introduced to it that has replaced one of the hydrogen atoms. (09 Oct 1997) |
| saturated hydrocarbon | A hydrocarbon that contains the greatest possible number of hydrogen atoms, so that the molecule contains neither rings nor multiple bonds. (05 Mar 2000) |
| hydrocarbon | An organic molecule which consists only of carbon and hydrogen atoms, and no other elements. (09 Oct 1997) |
| Diels hydrocarbon | <biochemistry> A phenanthrene derivative obtained by the dehydrogenation of various steroids. (05 Mar 2000) |
| fluorinated hydrocarbon | A molecule which is almost entirely carbon and hydrogen, but has had at least one fluorine atom introduced to it that has replaced one of the hydrogen atoms. (09 Oct 1997) |
| liquid hydrocarbon | One of a very large group of chemical compounds composed only of carbon and hydrogen. The largest source of hydrocarbons is petroleum. (05 Dec 1998) |