| adjuvant analgesic | <pharmacology> A drug that is not a primary analgesic but that research has shown to have independent or additive analgesic properties. (16 Dec 1997) |
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| analgesic | An agent that alleviates pain without causing loss of consciousness. (18 Nov 1997) |
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| analgesic cuirass | An analgesic or hypalgesic zone in the proximal thoracic region, found in tabetic neurosyphilis. Synonym: analgesic cuirass, Hitzig's girdle. (05 Mar 2000) |
| analgesic nephritis | Chronic interstitial nephritis with renal papillary necrosis, occurring in patients with a long history of excessive consumption of analgesics, especially those containing phenacetin. Synonym: analgesic nephropathy. (05 Mar 2000) |
| analgesic nephropathy | <nephrology, pathology> A form of kidney damage which can occur from the overexposure to certain analgesics (for example acetaminophen, salicylates and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents). In most cases analgesic use is excessive in dosing or chronicity of use. Complications include acute renal failure. See: interstitial nephritis. Origin: Gr. Pathos = disease (27 Sep 1997) |
| narcotic analgesic agent | <pharmacology> Medications that relieve pain but have addictive potential if used regularly. Examples include: meperidine, morphine, propoxyphene, codeine, hydrocodone, oxycodone, hydromorphone, nalbuphine, butorphanol and heroin. (27 Sep 1997) |
| adjuvant | 1. <pharmacology> A substance that, when added to a medicine, speeds or improves its action which aids another, such as an auxiliary remedy 2. <immunology> A substance added to a vaccine to improve the immune response so that less vaccine is needed to produce a non-specific stimulator (for example, BCG vaccine) of the immune response. Origin: L. Adjuvans = aiding (18 Nov 1997) |
| adjuvant chemotherapy | <oncology, pharmacology> Chemotherapy treatment that is given as an add-on to their primary cancer treatment, as in surgery or radiation therapy. (16 Dec 1997) |
| adjuvant therapy | <oncology, pharmacology> Treatment that is added to increase the effectiveness of a primary treatment. In cancer, adjuvant treatment usually refers to chemotherapy, hormonal therapy or radiation therapy after surgery to increase the likelihood of killing all cancer cells. (14 May 1997) |
| adjuvant vaccine | A vaccine that contains an adjuvant; most often the antigen (immunogen) is included in a water-in-oil emulsion (Freund incomplete type adjuvant), or is adsorbed onto an inorganic gel (alum, aluminum hydroxide or phosphate). (05 Mar 2000) |
| arthritis, adjuvant | An arthritis experimentally induced in animals with freund's adjuvant. (12 Dec 1998) |
| radiotherapy, adjuvant | Radiotherapy given to augment some other form of treatment such as surgery or chemotherapy. Adjuvant radiotherapy is commonly used in the therapy of cancer and can be administered before or after the primary treatment. (12 Dec 1998) |
| chemotherapy, adjuvant | Drug therapy given to augment or stimulate some other form of treatment such as surgery or radiation therapy. Adjuvant chemotherapy is commonly used in the therapy of cancer and can be administered before or after the primary treatment. (12 Dec 1998) |
| freund's adjuvant | The complete version of this immunostimulating adjuvant contains heat-killed tuberculosis bacteria emulsified in white mineral oil. It is used in immunological research involving lab animals, but not in humans, since it could cause allergic responses or autoimmune problems. The bacterial cells are omitted in the incomplete verson of the adjuvant. (09 Oct 1997) |
| Freund's complete adjuvant | Water-in-oil emulsion of antigen, to which killed mycobacteria or tuberculosis bacteria are added. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Freund's incomplete adjuvant | Water-in-oil emulsion of antigen, without mycobacteria. (05 Mar 2000) |