| tumor | 1. <oncology> An abnormal mass of tissue that results from excessive cell division that is uncontrolled and progressive, also called a neoplasm. Tumours perform no useful body function. They may be either benign (not cancerous) or malignant. 2. Swelling, one of the cardinal signs of inflammations, morbid enlargement. Origin: L. Tumere = to swell (12 May 1997) |
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| tumor marker | <investigation, oncology> A substance in the body that usually indicates the presence of cancer. These markers are usually specific to certain types of cancer and are usually found in the blood or other tissue samples. Examples are alphafetoprotein (AFP), human chorionic gonadotropin, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). They may be indicators of tumour stage and grade as well as useful for monitoring responses to treatment and predicting recurrence. Many chemical groups are represented including hormones, antigens, amino and nucleic acids, enzymes, polyamines, and specific cell membrane proteins and lipids. (18 Jul 2002) |
| tumor necrosis factor | <cytokine> Originally described as a tumour inhibiting factor in the blood of animals exposed to bacterial lipopolysaccharide or Bacille Calmette-Guerin. Preferentially kills tumour cells in vivo and in vitro, causes necrosis of certain transplanted tumours in mice and inhibits experimental metastases. Human Tumour Necrosis factor alpha is a protein of 157 amino acids and has a wide range of pro inflammatory actions. Usually considered a cytokine. Synonym: cachectin. Acronym: TNF (13 Nov 1997) |
| turban | 1. A headdress worn by men in the Levant and by most Mohammedans of the male sex, consisting of a cap, and a sash, scarf, or shawl, usually of cotton or linen, wound about the cap, and sometimes hanging down the neck. 2. A kind of headdress worn by women. 3. <zoology> The whole set of whorls of a spiral shell. Origin: OE. Turband, turbant, tolibant, F. Turban, It. Turbante, Turk. Tulbend, dulbend, fr. Per. Dulband. Cf. Tulip. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| turban-shell | <zoology> A sea urchin when deprived of its spines; popularly so called from a fancied resemblance to a turban. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| turban-top | <botany> A kind of fungus with an irregularly wrinkled, somewhat globular pileus (Helvella, or Gyromitra, esculenta). Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| turban tumour | Cylindroma of the scalp which, when overgrown, may resemble a turban. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Aarskog-Scott syndrome | A syndrome of ocular hypertelorism, anteverted nostrils, broad upper lip, saddle-bag scrotum, and laxity of ligaments resulting in genu recurvatum, flat feet, and hyperextensible fingers; X-linked and autosomal dominant forms. Synonym: Aarskog-Scott syndrome. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Aarskog syndrome | <syndrome> Grier et al. (1983) reported father and 2 sons with typical Aarskog syndrome, including short stature, hypertelorism, and shawl scrotum. They tabulated the findings in 82 previous cases. X-linked recessive inheritance has been repeatedly suggested. The family reported by Welch (1974) had affected males in 3 consecutive generations. Thus, there is either genetic heterogeneity or this is an autosomal dominant with strong sex-influence and possibly ascertainment bias resulting from use of the shawl scrotum as a main criterion. Stretchable skin was present in the cases of Grier et al. (1983). Teebi et al. (1993) reported the case of an affected mother and 4 sons (including a pair of monozygotic twins) by 2 different husbands. They suggested that the manifestations were as severe in the mother as in the sons and that this suggested autosomal dominant inheritance. Actually, the mother seemed less severely affected, compatible with X-linked inheritance. Clinical signs: Mild to moderate short stature,normocephaly, Widow's peak hair, maxillary hypoplasia, broad nasal bridge, anteverted nostrils, long philtrum, broad upper lip, curved linear dimple below the lower lip, hypertelorism, ptosis, down-slanted palpebral fissures, ophthalmoplegia, strabismus, hyperopic astigmatism, large cornea, floppy ears, lop-ears,cleft lip/palate, shawl scrotum, saddle-bag scrotum, cryptorchidism, brachydactyly, digital contractures, clinodactyly, mild syndactyly, transverse palmar crease, lymphoedema of the feet, ligamentous laxity, osteochondritis dissecans, proximal finger joint hyperextensibility, flexed distal finger joints, genu recurvatum, flat feet, stretchable skin, cervical spine hypermobility, odontoid anomaly, macrocytic anaemia, hemochromatosis, hepatomegaly, portal cirrhosis, imperforate anus, rectoperineal fistula, interstitial pulmonary disease, sternal deformity. Inheritance: Sex-influenced autosomal dominant form, also X-linked form. (05 Aug 1998) |
| abdominal muscle deficiency syndrome | <syndrome> Congenital absence (partial or complete) of abdominal muscles, in which the outline of the intestines is visible through the protruding abdominal wall; in males, genitourinary anomalies (urinary tract dilation and cryptorchidism) are also found; genetics unclear. (05 Mar 2000) |
| abstinence syndrome | <syndrome> A constellation of physiologic changes undergone by persons or animals who have become physically dependent on a drug or chemical due to prolonged use at elevated doses, but who are abruptly deprived of that substance. The abstinence syndrome varies with the drug to which dependence has developed. Generally the effects observed are in an opposite direction from those produced by the drug; e.g., the withdrawal syndrome from central nervous system depressants such as barbiturates and benzodiazepines consists of insomnia, restlessness, tremulousness, hallucinations, and, in the extreme, tonic-clonic convulsions which may prove fatal. The onset time and severity of the abstinence syndrome depend upon how rapidly the drug disappears from the body. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Achard syndrome | <syndrome> Arachnodactyly with small receding mandible, broad skull, and joint laxity limited to the hands and feet; genetics unclear. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Achard-Thiers syndrome | <syndrome> One form of a virilizing disorder of adrenocortical origin in women, characterised by masculinization and menstrual disorders in association with manifestations of diabetes mellitus, such as glucosuria. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Achenbach syndrome | <syndrome> Haematoma of the finger pad with accompanying oedema; of unknown cause in the absence of disturbances in blood coagulation mechanisms. (05 Mar 2000) |
| achoo syndrome | <syndrome> A disorder characterised by nearly uncontrollable paroxysms of sneezing provoked in a reflex fashion by the sudden exposure of a dark-adapted subject to intensely bright light, usually sunlight. Inheritance: autosomal dominant. (05 Aug 1998) |