| thiamin | A member of the water-soluble B vitamin group, necessary for energy production and carbohydrate metabolism. Deficiency is known as beriberi. (27 Sep 1997) |
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| thiamin deficiency | An endemic form of polyneuritis (nerve inflammation), due to an unbalanced diet, with a deficiency of vitamin B1(thiamin). Common in those who chronically abuse alcohol. Synonym: beriberi. (27 Sep 1997) |
| thiamin hydrochloride | A coenzyme used in the prevention of beriberi and other conditions associated with a deficiency of thiamin in the diet. Synonym: aneurine hydrochloride. (05 Mar 2000) |
| thiamin hydrochloride unit | The antineuritic activity of 0.003 mg of the standard crystalline vitamin B1 hydrochloride. Synonym: vitamin B1 hydrochloride unit. (05 Mar 2000) |
| thiamin mononitrate | Same action as thiamin hydrochloride. (05 Mar 2000) |
| thiamin oxidase | <enzyme> Converts thiamine to thiamine acetic acid Registry number: EC 1.1.3.23 Synonym: thiamine dehydrogenase, thiamin dehydrogenase (26 Jun 1999) |
| thiamin pyridinylase | <enzyme> An enzyme catalyzing transfer of a pyridine or other bases into the position of the pyrimidine in thiamin; e.g., thiamin reacting with pyridine produces heteropyrithiamin and 4-methyl-5-(2'-hydroxyethyl)-thiazole. Synonym: pyrimidine transferase, thiaminase I. (05 Mar 2000) |
| thiamin pyrophosphate | The diphosphoric ester of thiamin, a coenzyme of several (de)carboxylases, transketolases, and alpha-oxoacid dehydrogenases. Synonym: aneurine pyrophosphate, cocarboxylase, diphosphothiamin. (05 Mar 2000) |
| thiamin pyrophosphokinase | <enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses the formation of thiamine pyrophosphate from ATP and thiamine. Chemical name: ATP:thiamine pyrophosphotransferase Registry number: EC 2.7.6.2 (12 Dec 1998) |
| thiamin-triphosphatase | <enzyme> An enzyme present in nerve tissue. It catalyses reversibly the formation of thiamine diphosphate and orthophosphate from thiamine triphosphate. Chemical name: Thiamin-triphosphate phosphohydrolase Registry number: EC 3.6.1.28 (12 Dec 1998) |
| thiaminase | 1. An enzyme present in raw fish that destroys thiamin and may produce thiamin deficiency in animals on a diet largely composed of raw fish. 2. A hydrolase cleaving thiamin into a pyrimidine moiety (i.e., 2-methyl-4-amino-5-hydroxymethylpyrimidine) and a thiazole moiety (i.e., 4-methyl-5-(2'-hydroxyethyl)-thiazole); the pyrimidine moiety may appear in the urine as pyramin. Synonym: thiaminase II. (05 Mar 2000) |
| thiaminase I | <enzyme> An enzyme catalyzing transfer of a pyridine or other bases into the position of the pyrimidine in thiamin; e.g., thiamin reacting with pyridine produces heteropyrithiamin and 4-methyl-5-(2'-hydroxyethyl)-thiazole. Synonym: pyrimidine transferase, thiaminase I. (05 Mar 2000) |
| thiaminase II | 1. An enzyme present in raw fish that destroys thiamin and may produce thiamin deficiency in animals on a diet largely composed of raw fish. 2. A hydrolase cleaving thiamin into a pyrimidine moiety (i.e., 2-methyl-4-amino-5-hydroxymethylpyrimidine) and a thiazole moiety (i.e., 4-methyl-5-(2'-hydroxyethyl)-thiazole); the pyrimidine moiety may appear in the urine as pyramin. Synonym: thiaminase II. (05 Mar 2000) |
| thiamine | <chemical> 3-((4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl)-5-(2- hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazolium chloride. Chemical name: Thiazolium, 3-((4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl)-5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methyl- chloride (12 Dec 1998) |
| thiamine deficiency | A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of thiamine in the diet, characterised by anorexia, irritability, and weight loss. Later, patients experience weakness, peripheral neuropathy, headache, and tachycardia. In addition to being caused by a poor diet, thiamine deficiency in the united states most commonly occurs as a result of alcoholism, since ethanol interferes with thiamine absorption. In countries relying on polished rice as a dietary staple, beriberi prevalence is very high. (12 Dec 1998) |
| alpha-lactyl-thiamin pyrophosphate | An intermediate formed in the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate. Compare: pyruvate dehydrogenase (lipoamide). Synonym: alpha-lactyl-thiamin pyrophosphate. (05 Mar 2000) |
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