| biology | <study> The scientific study of living organisms. (09 Oct 1997) |
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| radiation biology | Field of science that studies the biological effects of ionizing radiation. (05 Mar 2000) |
| cell biology | <study> The study of the internal workings of cells at the microscopic and molecular level - it is closely linked to molecular biology. (16 Dec 1997) |
| cellular biology | <study> The study of cells. Implies the use of light or electron microscopic methods for the study of morphology. (18 Nov 1997) |
| pharmaceutical biology | <pharmacology, study> A subfield of pharmacology which studies natural drugs, including the study of their biological and chemical components, botanical sources, and other characteristics (economic, biochemical, biological, etc.). (09 Oct 1997) |
| molecular biology | <study> The study of the biochemistry of cells, it is closely linked to cell biology, in particular the biochemistry of DNA and cogeners. (16 Dec 1997) |
| computational biology | A field of biology concerned with the development of techniques for the collection and manipulation of biological data, and the use of such data to make biological discoveries or predictions. This field encompasses all computational methods and theories applicable to molecular biology and areas of computer-based techniques for solving biological problems including manipulation of models and datasets. (12 Dec 1998) |
| structural biology | <study> The study of the three dimensional structures of biological molecules (such as proteins) and their mutual interactions as a means of understanding the functions of these molecules within the cell. (09 Oct 1997) |
| developmental biology | <study> The study of how a multicellular organism develops from its early immature forms (zygote, larva, embryo, etc.) into an adult. (09 Oct 1997) |
| oral biology | That aspect of biology devoted to the study of biological phenomena associated with the oral cavity in health and disease (e.g., dental caries, mastication, periodontal disease). (05 Mar 2000) |
| electro-biology | 1. <biology> That branch of biology which treats of the electrical phenomena of living organisms. 2. <physics> That phase of mesmerism or animal magnetism, the phenomena of which are supposed to be produced by a form of electricity. (03 Mar 1998) |
| european molecular biology lab gene bank | <molecular biology> A large database of DNA sequence data in Heidelberg, Germany, compiled from international sources. It is the European equivalent to the Genbank DNA sequence databank in the United States of America. WWW: EMbase. (09 Oct 1997) |
| assisted reproductive technology | Originally, a range of techniques for manipulating eggs and sperm in order to overcome infertility. Encompasses drug treatments to stimulate ovulation; surgical methods for removing eggs (e.g., laparoscopy and ultrasound-guided transvaginal aspiration) and for reimplanting embryos (e.g., zygot intrafallopian transfer (or ZIFT); in vitro and in vivo fertilization (e.g., artificial insemination and gamete intrafallopian transfer (or GIFT); ex utero and in utero foetal surgery; as well as laboratory regimes for freezing and screening sperm and embryos, and micromanipulating and cloning embryos. The field's first major success came in 1978 with the birth of "test-tube baby" Louise Brown, engineered by Steptoe, Edwards, et al., of England. As the technologies spread, they increasingly are being employed for purposes beyond infertility, i.e., to reduce the risk of, or avoid passing on, hereditary disease and to select for infant sex. Further uses that would aim at improving the "quality" of offspring have been widely discussed and raise profound legal and ethical questions. See: eugenics. (05 Mar 2000) |
| basic reproductive rate, ratio | <epidemiology> See Reproductive Ratio. (05 Dec 1998) |
| cells, reproductive | The eggs and sperm are the reproductive cells. Each mature reproductive cell is haploid in that it has a single set of 23 chromosomes. (12 Dec 1998) |