| orphan | See: orphan products. Origin: G. Orphanos (05 Mar 2000) |
|---|---|
| orphan disease | A disease for which no treatment has been developed because of its rarity (affecting no more than 200,000 persons in the U.S.). See: orphan products. (05 Mar 2000) |
| orphan drug | A pharmaceutical that has been abandoned or neglected during its development because it is seen as having only a limited potential for profit. Often a drug which only has a limited target population or which treats a rare disease, thus limiting its financial potential. (09 Oct 1997) |
| orphan drug act | Law giving incentives to companies developing a drug for a rare disease. The act gives the developer of the first drug of any one type a 7-year exclusive right to market the new drug. (14 Nov 1997) |
| orphan drug production | Production of drugs or biologicals which are unlikely to be manufactured by private industry unless special incentives are provided by others. (12 Dec 1998) |
| orphan drugs | Drugs, biologicals, and medical devices (including diagnostic in vitro tests) that may be useful in common or rare diseases but which are not considered commercially viable. Synonym: orphan drugs. (05 Mar 2000) |
| orphan products | Drugs, biologicals, and medical devices (including diagnostic in vitro tests) that may be useful in common or rare diseases but which are not considered commercially viable. Synonym: orphan drugs. (05 Mar 2000) |
| orphan virus | <virology> A virus that has not yet beenclassified and linked to a particular disease. (09 Oct 1997) |
| orphan viruses | Virus's, such as the enteric orphan virus's, which when originally found were not specifically associated with disease; a number of these have since been shown to be pathogenic. (05 Mar 2000) |
| orphanages | Institutions for the housing and care of orphans, foundlings, and abandoned children. They have existed as such since the medieval period but the heading is applicable to such usage also in modern parlance. (12 Dec 1998) |
| orphenadrine | <chemical> A muscarinic antagonist used to treat drug-induced parkinsonism and to relieve pain from muscle spasm. Pharmacological action: antiparkinson agents, muscle relaxants, central, muscarinic antagonists, parasympatholytics. Chemical name: Ethanamine, N,N-dimethyl-2-((2-methylphenyl)phenylmethoxy)- (12 Dec 1998) |
| orphenadrine citrate | An antihistaminic that also has the same action and use as orphenadrine hydrochloride. (05 Mar 2000) |
| orphenadrine hydrochloride | N,N-Dimethyl-2(o-methyl-alpha-phenylbenzoyloxy)ethylamine hydrochloride; the o-methyl analogue of diphenhydramine hydrochloride;it reduces spasm of voluntary muscles, probably by action on the cerebral motor areas; used in the symptomatic treatment of paralysis agitans and drug-induced parkinsonism. (05 Mar 2000) |
| orpheus | The famous mythic Thracian poet, son of the Muse Calliope, and husband of Eurydice. He is reputed to have had power to entrance beasts and inanimate objects by the music of his lyre. Origin: L. Orpheus, Gr. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| orpiment | <chemistry> Arsenic sesquisulphide, produced artificially as an amorphous lemonyellow powder, and occurring naturally as a yellow crystalline mineral; formerly called auripigment. It is used in king's yellow, in white Indian fire, and in certain technical processes, as indigo printing. "Our orpiment and sublimed mercurie." (Chaucer) Red orpiment, realgar; the red sulphide of arsenic. Yellow orpiment, king's yellow. Origin: F, fr. L. Auripigmentum; aurum gold + pigmentum pigment. Cf. Aureate, Pigment, Orpin, Orpine. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |