| 영문 | health | 한글 | 건강 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 신체적-정신적으로 병이 없는 상태. 세계보건기구(WHO)의 헌장에는 “건강이란 질병이 없거나 허약하지 않은 것만 말하는 것이 아니라 신체적-정신적-사회적으로 완전히 안녕한 상태에 놓여 있는 것”이라고 정의하고 있다. 사람은 인종-종교-정치-경제-사회의 상태 여하를 불문하고 고도의 건강을 누릴 권리가 있다는 것을 명시한 것이다. 즉 과거에는, 건강이란 육체적-정신적으로 질병이나 이상이 없고, 개인적으로 정상적인 생활을 영위할 수 있는 신체상태를 말하였으나, 오늘날에는 개인이 사회생활에 의존하는 경향이 커짐에 따라서 사회가 각 개인의 건강에 기대하는 것도 많아졌기 때문에 사회적인 건강이란 면에서 이와 같은 정의가 생겨난 것으로 보인다. 한국의 헌법에는 건강을 “모든 국민이 마땅히 누려야 할 기본적인 권리”라고 규정하고 있어 건강을 하나의 기본권적 개념으로 보고 있다. 또한 질병이 없는 상태라는 수동적 건강에 대한 태도에서, 금주-금연 등 생활습관의 변화나 운동 같은 적극적으로 건강해지려는 노력 등 능동적 태도가 강조되고 있다. 건강의 구체적 요소로는 육체적인 형태적 요소(신장-체중과 같은 외형적 계측값이나 내장의 여러 기관 등)와 기능적 요소(여러 기관의 생리기능이나 종합적인 체력 등), 정신기능적 요소로 분류하여 평가하기도 한다. |
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| 영문 | public health | 한글 | 공중보건 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 집단이나 지역사회의 건강을 연구하는 예방의학. 18세기 중엽부터 산업혁명에 의해 인구가 도시로 집중되고 생활환경이 열악화되어 콜레라나 결핵 등이 유행했기 때문에 그 대책으로 탄생하게 되었다. 우리 나라에서는 광복 후부터 보건소의 설치나 대학의 강좌 신설 등 근대적인 공동보건행정이 이루어지게 되었다. 이 때까지는 일제 식민당국의 경찰력에 의한 명령과 단속으로 시종 해왔다. 현재도 우리나라의 도시 환경 정비가 유럽 여러 나라나 미국에 비해 뒤진 것은 이러한 영향 때문이다. 최근에는 공중보건의 주된 목적이 전염병 대책에서 암-뇌중풍-심장병-당뇨병 등 생활습관병 대책으로 옮겨지고 있다. |
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| 영문 | industrial health | 한글 | 산업보건 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 기업체는 근로자의 생명과 건강에 대한 안전위생관리체제가 기업의 종류와 규모에 상응하게 의무화할 필요가 있다. 산업보건이란 이러한 노동위생문제의 개념을 더욱 폭넓게 확대하고 특히 근로자의 건강을 촉진시키고 재해를 예방한다거나 쾌적한 근로환경을 조성할 수 있도록 하는 것이다. |
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| QCIM | Quarterly Cumulative Index Medicus |
|---|---|
| NCI | National Cancer Institute; noncriterion ischemic [animal]; nuclear contour index; nursing care integ... |
| AHI | active hostility index; Animal Health Institute; apnea-plus-hypopnea index |
| HII | Health Industries Institute; Health Insurance Institute; hemagglutination inhibitor immunoassay |
| MHP | hemiplegic migraine; maternal health program; maternal health program; medical center health plan; 1... |
| NAHMS | National Animal Health Monitoring System |
|---|---|
| NIOSH | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health |
| NICHD | National Institute of Child Health and Human Development |
| NIEHS | National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences |
| NIHSS | National Institute of Health Stroke Scale |
ascites
| national institute for occupational safety and health | An institute of the centres for disease control and prevention which is responsible for assuring safe and healthful working conditions and for developing standards of safety and health. Research activities are carried out pertinent to these goals. (12 Dec 1998) |
|---|---|
| national institute of mental health | A component of the national institutes of health concerned with research, overall planning, promoting, and administering mental health programs and research. (12 Dec 1998) |
| national centre for health care technology | A centre in the public health service which coordinates and administers a program of research, demonstrations, and evaluations of medical technologies and assessments of health care technology. (12 Dec 1998) |
| national centre for health statistics | A centre in the public health service which is primarily concerned with the collection, analysis, and dissemination of health statistics on vital events and health activities to reflect the health status of people, health needs, and health resources. (12 Dec 1998) |
| national health planning information centre | A centre in the health resources administration division of planning methods and technology which provides access to current information on health planning and resources development. (12 Dec 1998) |
| national health programs | Components of a national health care system which administer specific services, e.g., national health insurance. (12 Dec 1998) |
| National Institutes of Health | <organisation> A nonregulatory U.S. Federal agency which has oversight of research activities that the agency funds. (09 Oct 1997) |
| American Law Institute formulation | Used in certain jurisdictions to determine criminal responsibility in legal proceedings. See: criminal insanity. (05 Mar 2000) |
| American Law Institute rule | A test of criminal responsibility (1962): "a person is not responsible for criminal conduct if at the time of such conduct as a result of mental disease or defect he lacks substantial capacity either to appreciate the wrongfulness of his conduct or to conform his conduct to the requirements of law." (05 Mar 2000) |
| institute | 1. The act of instituting; institution. "Water sanctified by Christ's institute." 2. That which is instituted, established, or fixed, as a law, habit, or custom. 3. Hence: An elementary and necessary principle; a precept, maxim, or rule, recognised as established and authoritative; usually in the plural, a collection of such principles and precepts; especially, a comprehensive summary of legal principles and decisions; as, the Institutes of Justinian; Coke's Institutes of the Laws of England. Cf. Digest, "They made a sort of institute and digest of anarchy." (Burke) "To make the Stoics' institutes thy own." (Dryden) 4. An institution; a society established for the promotion of learning, art, science, etc.; a college; as, the Institute of Technology; also, a building owned or occupied by such an institute; as, the Cooper Institute. 5. The person to whom an estate is first given by destination or limitation. Institutes of medicine, theoretical medicine; that department of medical science which attempts to account philosophically for the various phenomena of health as well as of disease; physiology applied to the practice of medicine. Origin: L. Institutum: cf. F. Institut. See Institute, &. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| institute of medicine | Identifies, for study and analysis, important issues and problems that relate to health and medicine. The institute initiates and conducts studies of national policy and planning for health care and health-related education and research; it also responds to requests from the federal government and other agencies for studies and advice. (12 Dec 1998) |
| bibliography, national | A bibliography which lists all the books and other publications published, or distributed in significant quantity, in a particular country. Sometimes the term is used with respect to the new publications published within a specific period, and sometimes with respect to all those published within a lengthy period of many years. It is also used to indicate a bibliogrpaphy of publications about a country (whether written by its nationals or not) and those written in the language of the country as well as those published in it. (12 Dec 1998) |
| national academy of sciences | A united states organization of distinguished scientists and engineers established for the purpose of investigating and reporting upon any subject of art or science as requested by any department of government. The national research council organised by nas serves as the principal operating agency to stimulate and support research. (12 Dec 1998) |
| National Cancer Information Service | <address, organisation> National Cancer Institute, cancer Information Service, office of Cancer Communications, Building 31, Room 10A24, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892 (27 Sep 1997) |
| national environmental policy act | A federal law enacted in 1969 that requires all federal agencies to consider and analyse the environmental impacts of any proposed action. NEPA requires an environmental impact statement for major federal actions significantly affecting the quality of the environment. NEPA requires federal agencies to inform and involve the public in the agency's decision making process and to consider the environmental impacts of the agency's decision. (05 Dec 1998) |
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보험코드 | 성분/함량 | 구분/보험급여 |
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