| ketone bodies | The substances beta-hydroxybutyric acid, acetoacetic acid, and acetone, which are produced by fatty acid and carbohydrate metabolism in the liver in approximately a 78:20:2 ratio. Acetoacetate is produced from acetyl-CoA. most is enzymatically converted to beta-ketobutyrate, but a small amount is spontaneously decarboxylated to acetone. The ketone bodies can be used as fuels by muscle and brain tissue. In starvation and uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, large quantities are produced, causing metabolic acidosis and elevated blood and urine levels of all three ketone bodies. (12 Dec 1998) |
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| aldehyde-ketone transferases | <enzyme> Enzymes that catalyze the transfer of aldehyde or ketone residues. Registry number: EC 2.2 (12 Dec 1998) |
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| methyl isobutyl ketone | 4-methyl-2-pentanone;in high concentrations it has narcotic action; in relatively low concentrations it may be irritating to the eyes and mucous membranes. (05 Mar 2000) |
| methyl n-butyl ketone | <chemical> 2-hexanone. An industrial solvent which causes nervous system degeneration. Synonym: mbk. Chemical name: 2-Hexanone (12 Dec 1998) |
| dimethyl ketone | <chemical> A colourless, flammable liquid which is used as a solvent (it is most familiar as the solvent in nail polish remover). The simplest ketone, it mixes with water, ethyl alcohol, and most oils. It melts at -95.4 deg C. And boils at 56.2 deg C. It is naturally found in very tiny quantities in the body fluids and tissues of healthy people and in somewhat larger amounts in people suffering from diabetes or starvation. (11 Mar 1998) |
| tosyllysine chloromethyl ketone | <chemical> An inhibitor of serine proteinases. Acts as an alkylating agent and is known to interfere with the translation process. Pharmacological action: alkylating agents, protein synthesis inhibitor, serine proteinase inhibitors. Chemical name: Benzenesulfonamide, N-(5-amino-1-(chloroacetyl)pentyl)-4-methyl- (12 Dec 1998) |
| tosylphenylalanyl chloromethyl ketone | <chemical> An inhibitor of serine proteinases. Acts as alkylating agent and is known to interfere with the translation process. Pharmacological action: alkylating agents, protein synthesis inhibitor, serine proteinase inhibitors. Chemical name: Benzenesulfonamide, N-(3-chloro-2-oxo-1-(phenylmethyl)propyl)-4-methyl-, (S)- (12 Dec 1998) |
| ketone | <biochemistry> A byproduct of fat metabolism. An overabundance of ketones in the bloodstream is seen in a severe metabolic derangement known as diabetic ketoacidosis. (27 Sep 1997) |
| ketone alcohol | A compound containing a carbonyl or ketone group as well as a hydroxyl group; e.g., dihydroxyacetone. (05 Mar 2000) |
| ketone-aldehyde mutase | <enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses the interconversion of methylglyoxal and lactate, with glutathione serving as a coenzyme. Chemical name: S-Lactoyl-glutathione methylglyoxal-lyase (isomerizing) Registry number: EC 4.4.1.5 (12 Dec 1998) |
| ketone body | <biochemistry> Any of the three compounds created by acetyl coenzyme A (acetoacetate, hydroxybutyrate, and acetone) which are water-soluble cellular fuels normally exported by the liver. They can build up in the blood and body tissues because of starvation, untreated diabetes mellitus, or other disorders that interfere with carbohydrate metabolism. The body rids itself of ketones mainly through urine, but it rids itself of acetone through the lungs, which gives the breath a characteristic fruity odour. If ketones build up in the body long enough, they cause serious illness and coma (see ketoacidosis.) (09 Oct 1997) |
| ketone oxidoreductases | <enzyme> Registry number: EC 1.2. (12 Dec 1998) |
| alcoholic hyaline bodies | Large, poorly defined accumulations of eosinophilic material in the cytoplasm of damaged hepatic cells in certain forms of cirrhosis and marked fatty change especially due to alcoholism. Synonym: alcoholic hyalin, alcoholic hyaline bodies. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Alder bodies | Granular inclusions in polymorphonuclear leukocytes; they take on a dark colour with Giemsa-Wright stain and react metachromatically with toluidine blue. See: Alder's anomaly. (05 Mar 2000) |
| amyloid bodies of the prostate | An obsolete term for small masses of colloid material often present in the tubules of the gland. See: corpus amylaceum. (05 Mar 2000) |
| aortic bodies | Small clusters of chemoreceptive and supporting cells located near the aortic arch, the pulmonary arteries, and the coronary arteries. The aortic bodies sense pH, carbon dioxide, and oxygen concentrations in the blood and participate in the control of respiration. (12 Dec 1998) |