| Edward Jenner | <person> Jenner was the typical country practitioner, who wanted to better himself by furthering his education. He enrolled as an anatomy house pupil of John Hunter. Although his city colleagues stamped him as a lazy and rather dull person, he actually was a highly intelligent country physician. He became cognisant that milk maids, who developed pustules on their hands from milking cows did not get smallpox. So he used Sarah Nelmes, a dairy maid with cowpox pustules, as his donor to inoculate (vaccinate) 8-year-old James Phipps on May 14, l796. (Why did not this maid receive her due recognition ?) He waited until July 1, 1796 (1-1/2 months) at which time he challenged the youngster with the smallpox virus. The boy was totally protected without any symptoms whatsoever. Jenner continued to inoculate the people in his vicinity including his own children. The recipients were then challenged with smallpox and complete protection was noted. Edward Jenner published his results of 123 cases in 1796, and his discovery was rapidly accepted and popularised. By 1800, more than 6,000 people had been vaccinated. Catherine the Great, the beautiful Czarina of Russia, received her inoculation, for which she paid 12,000 pounds. Variola is the medical term for smallpox, whereas Varicella is chicken pox. Lived: 1749-1823. (18 Nov 1997) |
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| Jenner, Edward | <person> Jenner was the typical country practitioner, who wanted to better himself by furthering his education. He enrolled as an anatomy house pupil of John Hunter. Although his city colleagues stamped him as a lazy and rather dull person, he actually was a highly intelligent country physician. He became cognisant that milk maids, who developed pustules on their hands from milking cows did not get smallpox. So he used Sarah Nelmes, a dairy maid with cowpox pustules, as his donor to inoculate (vaccinate) 8-year-old James Phipps on May 14, l796. (Why did not this maid receive her due recognition ?) He waited until July 1, 1796 (1-1/2 months) at which time he challenged the youngster with the smallpox virus. The boy was totally protected without any symptoms whatsoever. Jenner continued to inoculate the people in his vicinity including his own children. The recipients were then challenged with smallpox and complete protection was noted. Edward Jenner published his results of 123 cases in 1796, and his discovery was rapidly accepted and popularised. By 1800, more than 6,000 people had been vaccinated. Catherine the Great, the beautiful Czarina of Russia, received her inoculation, for which she paid 12,000 pounds. Variola is the medical term for smallpox, whereas Varicella is chicken pox. Lived: 1749-1823. (18 Nov 1997) |
| Jenner, Harley | <person> Canadian physician, *1907. See: Jenner-Kay unit. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Jenner-Kay unit | That amount of phosphatase that liberates 1 mg of phosphorus; approximately 2 Bodansky unit's or 1 King unit. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Jenner, Louis | <person> English physician, 1866-1904. See: Jenner's stain. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Jenner's stain | <technique> A methylene blue eosinate similar to Wright's stain but differing in not using polychromed methylene blue; used for staining of blood smears. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Abbott's method | A method of treatment of scoliosis by use of a series of plaster jackets applied after partial correction of the curvature by external force. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Abell-Kendall method | A standard method for estimation of total serum cholesterol involving saponification of cholesterol ester by hydroxide, extraction with petroleum ether, and colour development with acetic anhydride-sulfuric acid; the method avoids interference by bilirubin, protein, and haemoglobin. (05 Mar 2000) |
| activated sludge method | A method of sewage disposal in which the sewage is treated with 15% bacterially active, liquid sludge, which is produced by repeated vigorous aeration of fresh sewage to form floccules or sediment; when this flocculation process is complete, the resulting activated sludge contains large numbers of bacteria, together with yeasts, molds, and protozoa, which actively effect the oxidation of organic compounds; this mixture is piped to a sedimentation tank, the effluent from which is completely treated sewage. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Altmann-Gersh method | The method of rapidly freezing a tissue and dehydrating it in a vacuum. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Anel's method | Ligation of an artery immediately above (on the proximal side of) an aneurysm. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Antyllus' method | Ligation of the artery above and below an aneurysm, followed by incision into and emptying of the sac. (05 Mar 2000) |
| aristotelian method | A method of study that stresses the relation between a general category and a particular object. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Ashby method | A differential agglutination method for estimating erythrocyte life span; compatible blood possessing a group factor that the recipient lacks is transferred to the recipient; after the transfusion, sera with potent agglutinins for the recipient's red cells are added to samples of the recipient's blood, and the unagglutinated red cells are counted; using this technique the red cell life span in normal persons is found to be 110 to 120 days. (05 Mar 2000) |
| auxanographic method | A method for the study of bacterial enzymes in which agar is mixed with the material (e.g., starch or milk) which is to serve as an indicator of the enzyme action and is inoculated and plated; if the bacteria produce enzymes digesting the admixed material, there will be a zone of clearing in the medium about each colony. Synonym: diffusion method. (05 Mar 2000) |