| JV | jugular vein; Junin virus |
|---|---|
| JVC | jugular venous catheter |
| JVD | jugular venous distention |
| JVP | [POMD P 49 - 52] 1) Jugular Vein Pressure 2) Jugular Venous Pulse Three Positive Waves; A, C, V Two Negative Waves; X, Y ? A wave; the tallest Waves 1) by Right Atrial Contraction 2) begin before S1 peak just before or during S1 3) If S4 present, coincides with the summit of the wave 4) precedes the carotid pulse Abnormal 1. Large or Giant A wave 1) by increased resistance at the tricuspid valve or increased resistance to right ventricular filling 2) Causes 1> Tricuspid Stenosis or Atresia 2> Ebstein's Anomaly 3> Pulmonary Stenosis 4> Pulmonary Hypertension i) Primary ii) Eisenmenger's Syndrome(uncommon) iii) Mitral Stenosis iv) Acute & Chronic Cor Pulmonale v) Tricuspid Regurgitation (nonrheumatic cases secondary to pulmonary hypertension) 5> Cardiomyopathy 6> Idiopathic Hypertrophic Subaortic Stenosis(IHSS) 7> Aortic Stenosis(some cases) 2. Decreased A wave; markedly dilated Right Atrium 3. Absent A wave; replaced by flutter waves 1) Atrial Fibrillation 2) Atrial Flutter 4. Cannon A wave; by fusion of giant A waves with C or V waves 1) Regualr Cannon A wave 1> Atrioventricular(AV) Junctional Rhythm 2> First-Degree AV Block(some cases) 3> 2 : 1 AV Block 4> Atrial Tachycardia(some cases) i) Paradoxical Nodal Tachycardia 2) Irregular Cannon A wave 1> Premature Systoles i) Ventricular(frequently) ii) AV Junctional(sometimes) iii) Atrial(rarely) 2> Complete AV Dissociation i) Complete AV Block ii) AV Junctional Tachycardia(some cases) iii) Ventricular Tachycardia(some cases) 3> Atrial Flutter(difficult to detect) ? C wave 1) by Right Ventricular Systole & Bulging of th Tricuspid valve into the Right Atrium Impact of the carotid pulse against the jugular vein 2) begins at the end of S1 peak shortly thereafter 3) coincides with the upstroke of the carotid pulse ? X descent; Systolic Collapse of the Venous Pulse; deeper than the Y wave 1) by Right Atrial Relaxation & Downward displacement of the base of the heart 2) divide into; by C wave 1> X descent 2> X' descent 3) 0.10 sec before S2 4) occurs during the peak of the carotid pulse Abnormal 1. Decreased X descent; Atrial Fibrillation 2. Partially or Completely Obliterated by a Regurgitant Wavs(called the CV, S, or V waves); Tricuspid Regurgitation 3. Deeper than the Y Descent; Chronic Constrictive Pericarditis ? V wave 1) by Right Atrial Filling during Right Ventricular Systole while the tricuspid valve is closed 2) begins shortly before P2 peaks 0.06 - 0.08 sec after P2 3) peak occurs after the dicrotic notch of the carotid pulse Abnormal 1. Large V Wave 1) Tricuspid Regurgitation 2) Right-sided Heart Failure 3) Atrial Septal Defect(about 50 % of cases) 4) Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Drainage ? Y descent; Diastolic Collapse of the Venous Pulse 1) by the rapid flow of the blood into the Right Ventricle after the opening of the Tricuspid Valve 2) begin the end of the V wave end with the Y trough 3) about 0.20 sec after P2 4) comes along after the carotid pulse is felt Abnormal 1. Slow, Shallow Y descent; Tricuspid Stenosis 2. Rapid, Steep Y descent 1) Constrictive Pericarditis 2) severe Right-sided Heart Failure |
| JVP | jugular vein pulse; jugular venous pressure |
| JVPT | jugular venous pulse tracing |