| Herpesviridae |
the herpesviruses: a family of DNA viruses having a virion 102–200 nm in diameter consisting of four components: a lipid bilayer envelope with surface projections, a tegument of amorphous material, an icosahedral nucleocapsid with 162 prismatic capsomers, and a protein spool on which the DNA is wrapped. The genome consists of a single molecule of linear double-stranded DNA (MW 70–150 × 106, size 124–235 kbp). Viruses contain at least 20 structural polypeptides and are sensitive to lipid solvents, heat, and extremes of pH. Replication occurs in the nucleus and the envelope is acquired by budding through the inner lamella of the nuclear membrane; virions are released by transport via the endoplasmic reticulum to the cell membrane. Persistence for the lifetime of the host is common and some herpesviruses induce neoplasia. There are three subfamilies: Alphaherpesvirinae, Betaherpesvirinae, and Gammaherpesvirinae. A large number of herpesviruses have not yet been assigned to a subfamily or genus.
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