| supplement | Something that supplies a want or make an addition: something that completes, adds a finishing touch or brings closer to completion or a desired state. (18 Nov 1997) |
|---|---|
| polarity of translation | Decrease in the synthesis of proteins specified by genes distal to the operator and to the site of a nonsense, frameshift, deletion or insertion mutation in an operon. A mutation which produces polarity is called a polar mutation or a polarity mutation. (12 Dec 1998) |
| hybrid-arrested translation | <molecular biology> The prevention of an mRNA molecule from being translated into a protein by hybridising it to its corresponding cDNA or to a complementary mRNA. This is used to identify cDNA molecules - the scientist puts the cDNA molecule in question in a test tube with a number of mRNA molecules and observes which protein is no longer able to be made. (09 Oct 1997) |
| nick translation | <molecular biology, technique> A technique used to radioactively label DNA. E. Coli DNA polymerase I will add a nucleotide, copying the complementary strand, to the free 3' OH group at a nick, at the same time its exonuclease activity removes the 5' terminus. The enzyme then adds a nucleotide at the new 3' OH and removes the new 5' terminus. In this way one strand of the DNA is replaced starting at a nick, which effectively moves along the strand. Nick translation refers to this translation or movement and not to protein synthesis. In practice, DNA is mixed with trace amounts of DNAase I to generate nicks, DNA polymerase I and labelled nucleotides. Because the nicks are generated randomly the DNA preparation can be uniformly labelled and to a high degree of specific activity. (10 Jan 1998) |
| translation | The process that occurs at the ribosome whereby the information in mRNA is used to specify the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain. (18 Nov 1997) |
| translation, genetic | Formation of peptides on ribosomes, directed by messenger RNA. (12 Dec 1998) |