| EST | <molecular biology> Expressed sequence tags are sequence tagged sites derived from cDNAs. See: sequence tagged site. Acronym: EST (06 Aug 1998) |
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| establish | 1. To make stable or firm; to fix immovably or firmly; to set (a thing) in a place and make it stable there; to settle; to confirm. "So were the churches established in the faith." (Acts xvi. 5) "The best established tempers can scarcely forbear being borne down." (Burke) "Confidence which must precede union could be established only by consummate prudence and self-control." (Bancroft) 2. To appoint or constitute for permanence, as officers, laws, regulations, etc.; to enact; to ordain. "By the consent of all, we were established The people's magistrates." (Shak) "Now, O king, establish the decree, and sign the writing, that it be not changed." (Dan. Vi. 8) 3. To originate and secure the permanent existence of; to found; to institute; to create and regulate; said of a colony, a state, or other institutions. "He hath established it [the earth], he created it not in vain, he formed it to be inhabited." (Is. Xlv. 18) "Woe to him that buildeth a town with blood, and establisheth a city by iniquity!" (Hab. Ii. 12) 4. To secure public recognition in favor of; to prove and cause to be accepted as true; as, to establish a fact, usage, principle, opinion, doctrine, etc. "At the mouth of two witnesses, or at the mouth of three witnesses, shall the matter be established." (Deut. Xix. 15) 5. To set up in business; to place advantageously in a fixed condition; used reflexively; as, he established himself in a place; the enemy established themselves in the citadel. Origin: OE. Establissen, OF. Establir, F. Etablir, fr. L. Stabilire, fr. Stabilis firm, steady, stable. See Stable, -ish, and cf. Stablish. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| established cell line | <cell culture> A cell line is a permanently established cell culture that will proliferate indefinitely given appropriate fresh medium and space. Lines differ from cell strains in that they have escaped the Hayflick limit and become immortalised. Some species, particularly rodents, give rise to lines relatively easily, whereas other species do not. No cell lines have been produced from avian tissues and the establishment of cell lines from human tissue is difficult. Many cell biologists would consider that a cell line is by definition already abnormal and that it is on the way towards becoming the culture equivalent of a neoplastic cell. (26 Mar 1998) |
| Establishment License Application | <pharmacology> An application submitted concurrently with the Product License Application. The Establishment Licence Application provides data demonstrating the acceptability of the facilities and personnel for manufacturing of protein pharmaceuticals. Acronym: ELA (14 Nov 1997) |
| estate | 1. Settled condition or form of existence; state; condition or circumstances of life or of any person; situation. "When I came to man's estate." "Mind not high things, but condescend to men of low estate." (Romans xii. 16) 2. Social standing or rank; quality; dignity. "God hath imprinted his authority in several parts, upon several estates of men." (Jer. Taylor) 3. A person of high rank. "She's a duchess, a great estate." (Latimer) "Herod on his birthday made a supper to his lords, high captains, and chief estates of Galilee." (Mark vi. 21) 4. A property which a person possesses; a fortune; possessions, especially. Property in land; also, property of all kinds which a person leaves to be divided at his death. "See what a vast estate he left his son." (Dryden) 5. The state; the general body politic; the common-wealth; the general interest; state affairs. "I call matters of estate not only the parts of sovereignty, but whatsoever . . . Concerneth manifestly any great portion of people." (Bacon) 6. The great classes or orders of a community or state (as the clergy, the nobility, and the commonalty of England) or their representatives who administer the government; as, the estates of the realm (England), which are (1) the lords spiritual, (2) the lords temporal, (3) the commons. 7. The degree, quality, nature, and extent of one's interest in, or ownership of, lands, tenements, etc.; as, an estate for life, for years, at will, etc. The fourth estate, a name often given to the public press. Origin: OF. Estat, F. Etat, L. Status, fr. Stare to stand. See Stand, and cf. State. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| estazolam | <chemical> 8-chloro-6-phenyl-4h-(1,2,4)triazolo(4,3-a)(1,4)benzodiazepine. A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, hypnotic, and muscle relaxant properties. It has been shown in some cases to be more potent than diazepam or nitrazepam. Pharmacological action: anti-anxiety agents, anticonvulsants, gaba modulators, muscle relaxants, central, sedatives, nonbarbiturate. Chemical name: 4H-(1,2,4)Triazolo(4,3-a)(1,4)benzodiazepine, 8-chloro-6-phenyl- (12 Dec 1998) |
| ester | <chemistry> A general term for any organic molecule produced by combining an acid with an alcohol. A derivative of carboxylic acid (acid with a carboxyl group -COOH) which has the general formula RCOOR, where the R's stand for the same or different aliphatic groups (alkyl groups), aromatic groups (aryl groups), or hydrogen ions. (09 Oct 1997) |
| esterase | <enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of organic esters to release an alcohol or thiol and acid. The term could be applied to enzymes that hydrolyse carboxylate, phosphate and sulphate esters, but is more often restricted to the first class of substrate. (18 Nov 1997) |
| esterases | <enzyme> Registry number: EC 3.1. (12 Dec 1998) |
| esterification | The process of converting an acid into an alkyl or aryl derivative. most frequently the process consists of the reaction of an acid with an alcohol in the presence of a trace of mineral acid as catalyst or the reaction of an acyl chloride with an alcohol. Esterification can also be accomplished by enzymatic processes. (12 Dec 1998) |
| esterified oestrogens | A mixture of the sodium salts of sulfate esters of oestrogenic substances; used for oral oestrogen therapy. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Estes operation | An operation for sterility in which a portion of an ovary is implanted on one uterine cornu. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Estes, William Jr | <person> U.S. Surgeon, 1885-1940. See: Estes operation. (05 Mar 2000) |
| estetrol | <chemical> Estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,15 alpha,16 alpha,17 beta-tetrol. A metabolite of estradiol in man, with oestrogenic properties. Chemical name: Estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,15,16,17-tetrol, (15alpha,16alpha,17beta)- (12 Dec 1998) |
| esthematology | The science concerned with the senses and sense organs. Origin: G. Aisthema, perception, + logos, study (05 Mar 2000) |