| 영문 | antihypertensive drug | 한글 | 고혈압약, 항고혈압제 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 고혈압의 치료에 사용하며 높은 혈압을 낮추는 약물을 말한다. 고혈압약에는 혈관평활근에 직접 작용하여 이완시키는 혈관확장제(히드라라진), 교감신경의 활동을 어디선가 차단하는 약물(레세르핀, 메틸도파, 프로프라노롤), 이뇨제(프로세미드, 에타크린산)이 사용된다. |
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| 영문 | antimalarial drug | 한글 | 말라리아약, 항말라리아제 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 말라리아 치료에 쓰는 약. 키니네, 클로로퀸, 프리마퀸 따위가 있다. 말라리아 원충의 발육주기에 대응해서 약물이 있으나 대부분은 병용요법에 따라서 말라리아 치료를 한다. 모기에 의한 포자체감염에 대한 항포자체 약은 독성 등의 문제가 있어서 아직 없다. 적혈구내에서의 환상체, 번식체에만 작용하는 것(항번식체 약은 클로로퀸, 피리메타민, 클로로구아나이드, 키니네)은 적혈구 외의 발육은 억제하지 않으므로 감염을 완전히 저지되지 않는다. 적혈구내외의 원충에 작용해 완전히 감염을 억제하는 것(파마킨, 펜타킨, 프리마킨), 혈중의 생식체를 죽이는 것(대부분의 항말라리아제)은 모기에 의한 타인으로의 전염원은 끊기는데 환자자신의 증상은 변화하지 않는다. |
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| 영문 | drug | 한글 | 약, 약물, 약제 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 1. 병, 기타 병적 상태의 진단, 치료, 예방이나 고통의 경감, 또는 생리적, 병리적 상태를 호전시키는 것을 목적으로 사람 또는 동물에 투여되는 화합물. 약리학에서는 치료약만이 아니라, 생체에 주어졌을 때 어떠한 반응을 나타내는 화학물질 모두를 약물이라고 한다. 작용이 강하고 안전성이 낮은 순서로 독약-극약-보통약으로 구분하고 있다. 약물치료에 영향을 미치는 인자로서, 생체쪽 인자로는 개체차, 연령, 체중 등이 있고, 약물쪽 인자로서는 투여방법, 투여량, 병용되고 있는 다른 약물 등이 있다. 2. 약의 재료가 되는 물질. 3. 여러 가지 약재를 섞어 조제한 약. |
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| 영문 | drug resistance | 한글 | 약물내성 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 1. 화학요법제나 항생물질의 어떤 일정 농도로 세균을 죽이거나 증식저해를 받는 것을 이 화학요법제나 항생물질에 감수성이 있다고 하는데, 이 감수성이 없게 된 생태를 저항성이라든가 내성이라고 말한다. 따라서 변이미생물의 약제에 대한 자항성이라든가 내성이라고 말한다. 2. 의약품을 계속 복용하면 점차 증량하지 않으면 효력이 나타나지 않는 성질. 이러한 때를 약제내성이 생겼다고 한다. 모든 미생물은 감수성을 가지는 약물에 의하여 사멸되지만, 소수의 것은 살아남아 그것이 진화됨으로써 사멸하지 않는 수가 있다. 또, 최초에는 감수성을 가지고 있던 균이 차차 내성균으로 되기도 한다. 많은 병원균은 감수성이 있는 의약품에 대하여 내성이 생긴다. 가장 고도의 내성균이 생기기 쉬운 것은 스트렙토마이신인데 결핵균과 그람음성균에 대하여 쉽게 내성이 생긴다. 페니실린이나 테트라시클린(아크로마이신) 등의 항생물질도 내성이 생기기 쉬우므로, 사용할 때는 적응을 잘 확인하여 필요량을 정하고 연용을 피한다. 같은 효과가 있는 다른 종류의 약제를 소량씩 2, 3종 병용하면 내성의 발생이 크게 억제된다는 것이 알려져 있다. 결핵약으로서 스트렙토마이신과 파스, 또는 이소니아지드를 병용하는 것 등이 그 예이다. |
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| 영문 | drug dependence | 한글 | 약물의존(성) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 어떤 종류의 약물을 반복해서 사용하는 동안 그 약의 사용을 중지할 수 없게 되는 상태. 의존의 정도가 심해지면 약 없이는 생활할 수 없는 상태에 빠지고, 그 결과 법을 어기면서까지 약을 구입하게 된다. 이전에는 약물만성중독, 약물남용, 약물습관성이라는 개념으로 나누어져 있었지만, WHO에서는 이것들을 모두 포함시켜서 약물의존이라 하였다. 상태에 의한 분류라 약물작용에 의한 분류가 있다. 상태에 의한 것은 1.정신적 의존: 약물의 사용을 중지하면 불안감-우울감-초조감 등의 심리적인 증상이 나타나 다시 약물을 찾게 되는 경우. 약을 끊었을 경우에 나타나는 신체증상인 금단증상은 나타나지 않으며, 약물의 지속적 복용에 의해서 점차 약물에 대한 신체의 반응이 줄어드는 현상인 약물의 내성도 나타나지 않는다. 2.신체적 의존: 약물 사용을 중지하면 신체적인 장애, 즉 금단증상을 일으키고 그 고통을 달래기 위해 약물을 찾게 되는 경우이다. 대부분 내성이 나타나는데 개별적으로 나타나는 경우도 있지만 주로 병행해서 나타난다. |
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| St, st | let it stand [Lat. stet]; let them stand [Lat. stent]; stage [of disease]; status; stere; sterile; s... |
|---|---|
| SOLEC | stand on one leg eyes closed |
| DA | dark adaptation; dark agouti [rat]; daunomycin; degenerative arthritis; delayed action; Dental Assis... |
| CD | cadaver donor; canine distemper; canine dose; carbohydrate dehydratase; carbon dioxide; cardiac dise... |
| DAST | drug abuse screening test; drug and alcohol screening test |
| SSCP | PCR)-single stand conformational polymorphism |
|---|---|
| STS | sit-to-stand |
| ADAP | AIDS Drug Assistance Program |
| ADE | Adverse Drug Event |
| ADR | Adverse Drug Reaction |
| drug-drug interaction | The effects that occur when two or more drugs are used together. Such effects include changes of absorption in the digestive tract, changes in rate of the drugs' breakdown in the liver, new or enhanced side effects and changes in the drugs' activity. (09 Oct 1997) |
|---|---|
| stable stand | The position of a man who is found at his standing in the forest, with a crossbow or a longbow bent, ready to shoot at a deer, or close by a tree with greyhounds in a leash ready to slip; one of the four presumptions that a man intends stealing the king's deer. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| stand | 1. To be at rest in an erect position; to be fixed in an upright or firm position; as: To be supported on the feet, in an erect or nearly erect position; opposed to lie, sit, kneel, etc. "I pray you all, stand up!" . To continue upright in a certain locality, as a tree fixed by the roots, or a building resting on its foundation. "It stands as it were to the ground yglued." (Chaucer) "The ruined wall Stands when its wind worn battlements are gone." (Byron) 2. To occupy or hold a place; to have a situation; to be situated or located; as, Paris stands on the Seine. "Wite ye not where there stands a little town?" (Chaucer) 3. To cease from progress; not to proceed; to stop; to pause; to halt; to remain stationary. "I charge thee, stand, And tell thy name." (Dryden) "The star, which they saw in the east, went before them, till it came and stood over where the young child was." (Matt. Ii. 9) 4. To remain without ruin or injury; to hold good against tendencies to impair or injure; to be permanent; to endure; to last; hence, to find endurance, strength, or resources. "My mind on its own center stands unmoved." (Dryden) 5. To maintain one's ground; to be acquitted; not to fail or yield; to be safe. "Readers by whose judgment I would stand or fall." (Spectator) 6. To maintain an invincible or permanent attitude; to be fixed, steady, or firm; to take a position in resistance or opposition. "The standing pattern of their imitation." "The king granted the Jews . . . To gather themselves together, and to stand for their life." (Esther viii. 11) 7. To adhere to fixed principles; to maintain moral rectitude; to keep from falling into error or vice. "We must labour so as to stand with godliness, according to his appointment." (Latimer) 8. To have or maintain a position, order, or rank; to be in a particular relation; as, Christian charity, or love, stands first in the rank of gifts. 9. To be in some particular state; to have essence or being; to be; to consist. "Sacrifices . . . Which stood only in meats and drinks." "Accomplish what your signs foreshow; I stand resigned, and am prepared to go." (Dryden) "Thou seest how it stands with me, and that I may not tarry." (Sir W. Scott) 10. To be consistent; to agree; to accord. "Doubt me not; by heaven, I will do nothing But what may stand with honor." (Massinger) 11. To hold a course at sea; as, to stand from the shore; to stand for the harbor. "From the same parts of heaven his navy stands." (Dryden) 12. To offer one's self, or to be offered, as a candidate. "He stood to be elected one of the proctors of the university." (Walton) 13. To stagnate; not to flow; to be motionless. "Or the black water of Pomptina stands." (Dryden) 14. To measure when erect on the feet. "Six feet two, as I think, he stands." (Tennyson) 15. To be or remain as it is; to continue in force; to have efficacy or validity; to abide. To appear in court. Stand by, a preparatory order, equivalent to Be ready. To stand against, to opposite; to resist. To stand by. To be near; to be a spectator; to be present. To be aside; to be aside with disregard. "In the interim [we] let the commands stand by neglected." . To maintain; to defend; to support; not to desert; as, to stand by one's principles or party. To rest on for support; to be supported by. To stand corrected, to be set right, as after an error in a statement of fact. To stand fast, to be fixed; to be unshaken or immovable. To stand firmly on, to be satisfied or convinced of. "Though Page be a secure fool, and stands so firmly on his wife's frailty." . To stand for. To side with; to espouse the cause of; to support; to maintain, or to profess or attempt to maintain; to defend. "I stand wholly for you." . To be in the place of; to be the substitute or to represent; as, a cipher at the left hand of a figure stands for nothing. "I will not trouble myself, whether these names stand for the same thing, or really include one another." . To stand in, to cost. "The same standeth them in much less cost." . "The Punic wars could not have stood the human race in less than three millions of the species." (Burke) To stand in hand, to conduce to one's interest; to be serviceable or advantageous. To stand off. To keep at a distance. Not to comply. To keep at a distance in friendship, social intercourse, or acquaintance. To appear prominent; to have relief. "Picture is best when it standeth off, as if it were carved." . To stand off and on, to continue on the same tack or course. To stand out. To project; to be prominent. "Their eyes stand out with fatness." . To persist in opposition or resistance; not to yield or comply; not to give way or recede. "His spirit is come in, That so stood out against the holy church." (Shak) To stand to. To ply; to urge; to persevere in using. "Stand to your tackles, mates, and stretch your oars." . To remain fixed in a purpose or opinion. "I will stand to it, that this is his sense." . To abide by; to adhere to; as to a contrast, assertion, promise, etc.; as, to stand to an award; to stand to one's word. Not to yield; not to fly; to maintain, as one's ground. "Their lives and fortunes were put in safety, whether they stood to it or ran away." . To be consistent with; to agree with; as, it stands to reason that he could not have done so. To support; to uphold. "Stand to me in this cause." . To stand together, to be consistent; to agree. To stand to sea, to direct the course from land. To stand under, to undergo; to withstand. To stand up. To rise from sitting; to be on the feet. To arise in order to speak or act. "Against whom, when the accusers stood up, they brought none accusation of such things as I supposed." . To rise and stand on end, as the hair. To put one's self in opposition; to contend. "Once we stood up about the corn." . To stand up for, to defend; to justify; to support, or attempt to support; as, to stand up for the administration. To stand upon. To concern; to interest. To value; to esteem. "We highly esteem and stand much upon our birth." . To insist on; to attach much importance to; as, to stand upon security; to stand upon ceremony. To attack; to assault. "So I stood upon him, and slew him." . To stand with, to be consistent with. "It stands with reason that they should be rewarded liberally." . Origin: OE. Standen; AS. Standan; akin to OFries. Stonda, stan, D. Staan, OS. Standan, stan, G. Stehen, Icel. Standa, Dan. Staae, Sw. Sta, Goth. Standan, Russ. Stoiate, L. Stare, Gr. To cause to stand, to stand, Skr. Stha. 163. Cf. Assist, Constant, Contrast, Desist, Destine, Ecstasy, Exist, Interstice, Obstacle, Obstinate, Prest, Rest remainder, Soltice, Stable, &, State, Statute, Stead, Steed, Stool, Stud of horses, Substance, System. 1. To endure; to sustain; to bear; as, I can not stand the cold or the heat. 2. To resist, without yielding or receding; to withstand. "Love stood the siege." "He stood the furious foe." (Pope) 3. To abide by; to submit to; to suffer. "Bid him disband his legions, . . . And stand the judgment of a Roman senate." (Addison) 4. To set upright; to cause to stand; as, to stand a book on the shelf; to stand a man on his feet. 5. To be at the expense of; to pay for; as, to stand a treat. To stand fire, to receive the fire of arms from an enemy without giving way. To stand one's ground, to keep the ground or station one has taken; to maintain one's position. "Pleasants and burghers, however brave, are unable to stand their ground against veteran soldiers." . To stand trial, to sustain the trial or examination of a cause; not to give up without trial. 1. The act of standing. "I took my stand upon an eminence . . . To look into thier several ladings." (Spectator) 2. A halt or stop for the purpose of defense, resistance, or opposition; as, to come to, or to make, a stand. "Vice is at stand, and at the highest flow." (Dryden) 3. A place or post where one stands; a place where one may stand while observing or waiting for something. "I have found you out a stand most fit, Where you may have such vantage on the duke, He shall not pass you." (Shak) 4. A station in a city or town where carriages or wagons stand for hire; as, a cab stand. 5. A raised platform or station where a race or other outdoor spectacle may be viewed; as, the judge's or the grand stand at a race course. 6. A small table; also, something on or in which anything may be laid, hung, or placed upright; as, a hat stand; an umbrella stand; a music stand. 7. A place where a witness stands to testify in court. 8. The situation of a shop, store, hotel, etc.; as, a good, bad, or convenient stand for business. 9. Rank; post; station; standing. "Father, since your fortune did attain So high a stand, I mean not to descend." (Daniel) 10. A state of perplexity or embarrassment; as, to be at a stand what to do. 11. A young tree, usually reserved when other trees are cut; also, a tree growing or standing upon its own root, in distinction from one produced from a scion set in a stock, either of the same or another kind of tree. 12. A weight of from two hundred and fifty to three hundred pounds, used in weighing pitch. Microscope stand, the instrument, excepting the eyepiece, objective, and other removable optical parts. Stand of ammunition, the projectile, cartridge, and sabot connected together. Stand of arms. A single colour, or flag. To be at a stand, to be stationary or motionless; to be at a standstill; hence, to be perplexed; to be embarrassed. To make a stand, to halt for the purpose of offering resistance to a pursuing enemy. Synonym: Stop, halt, rest, interruption, obstruction, perplexity, difficulty, embarrassment, hesitation. Origin: As. Stand. See Stand. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| stand conversion | The conversion of a noncommercial stand of timber to a commercial stand. (05 Dec 1998) |
| stand density | The number or mass of trees occupying a site. It is usually measured in terms of stand density index or basal area per acre. (05 Dec 1998) |
| old-growth stand | Forest stand dominated by trees reaching natural death, the last stage in forest succession. (09 Oct 1997) |
| timber stand improvement | Intermediate pruning, weeding, and thinning of a stand of timber prior to its reaching mature rotation age to improve growing conditions and control stand composition. (05 Dec 1998) |
| abnormalities, drug-induced | Congenital abnormalities caused by medicinal substances or drugs of abuse given to or taken by the mother, or to which she is inadvertently exposed during the manufacture of such substances. The concept excludes abnormalities resulting from exposure to non-medicinal chemicals in the environment. (12 Dec 1998) |
| activity, drug | A measure of the physiological response a drug produces in the body. A less active drug produces less response (and visa versa). (12 Dec 1998) |
| addictive drug | Any drug that creates a certain degree of euphoria and has a strong potential for addiction. (05 Mar 2000) |
| adverse drug reaction reporting systems | Systems developed for collecting reports from government agencies, manufacturers, hospitals, physicians, and other sources on adverse drug reactions. (12 Dec 1998) |
| akathisia, drug-induced | Motor restlessness with sensations of quivering and an urge to move about constantly resulting from the use of certain drugs, such as neuroleptic drugs, which affect the extrapyramidal region of the brain. This differs from dyskinesia, drug-induced in that long-term antipsychotic drug exposure is significantly correlated with the increased prevalence of akathisia while there is no such correlation with dyskinesia. The primary observable distinction between tardive akathisia and dyskinesia appears to be in the repetitive, stereotypy of the dyskinesic movements (lip smacking, for example), while akathisia is associated with anxiety, restlessness, and agitation (psychomotor agitation). (12 Dec 1998) |
| antineoplastic drug | A drug that stops or slows the maturation and spread of tumour cells (benign or malignant). (09 Oct 1997) |
| maintenance drug therapy | In chemotherapy, systematic dosage at a level that maintains protection against exacerbation. (05 Mar 2000) |
| rational drug design | <pharmacology> Modeling the molecular structure of the target of a drug, for example, an antigen, and then designing a drug that will attack it. (17 Dec 1997) |
제품명 |
판매사 |
보험코드 | 성분/함량 | 구분/보험급여 |
|---|
제품명 |
판매사 |
보험코드 | 성분/함량 | 구분/보험급여 |
|---|