| Dalton | English chemist and physicist who formulated atomic theory and the law of partial pressures |
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| Dalton | United States screenwriter who was blacklisted and imprisoned for refusing to cooperate with congressional investigations of communism in America (1905-1976) |
| Dalton | (chemistry and physics) law stating that the pressure exerted by a mixture of gases equals the sum of the partial pressures of the gases in the mixture |
| Dalton | (chemistry) law stating that when two elements can combine to form more than one compound the amounts of one of them that combines with a fixed amount of the other will exhibit a simple multiple relation |
| Dalton | (chemistry and physics) law stating that the pressure exerted by a mixture of gases equals the sum of the partial pressures of the gases in the mixture |
| Dalton | dichromacy characterized by a lowered sensitivity to green light resulting in an inability to distinguish green and purplish-red |