| DNA glycosylase | <enzyme, molecular biology> Class of enzymes involved in DNA repair. They recognise altered bases in DNA and catalyse their removal by cleaving the glycosidic bond between the base and the deoxyribose sugar. at least 20 such enzymes occur in cells. (18 Nov 1997) |
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| hydroxymethyluracil DNA glycosylase | <enzyme> Functions to eliminate hydroxymethyluracil from oxidatively damaged DNA Registry number: EC 3.2.2.- Synonym: hmu DNA glycosylase (26 Jun 1999) |
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| 5-methylcytosine-DNA glycosylase | <enzyme> Binds equally well to methylated and non-methylated DNA; isolated from developing chicken embryos and mouse fibroblasts; mw 52.5 kD Registry number: EC 3.2.2.- (26 Jun 1999) |
| formamidopyridine-DNA glycosylase | <enzyme> Substrate is the ring-opened form of 7-methylguanine; has been sequenced; genbank af026691 Registry number: EC 3.2.2.23 Synonym: fap-DNA glycosylase, fapy-DNA glycosylase, formamidopyrimidine-DNA glycosylase, 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase, 8-hydroxyguanine DNA glycosylase, 8-hydroxyguanine endonuclease, 8-oh-gua endonuclease, fpg protein, E coli, fpg gene product, E coli, mutm protein, oh8 guanine excision repair enzyme, ogg1 gene product (26 Jun 1999) |
| DNA-directed DNA polymerase | <enzyme> DNA-dependent DNA polymerases found in bacteria, animal and plant cells. During the replication process, these enzymes catalyze the addition of deoxyribonucleotide residues to the end of a DNA strand in the presence of DNA as template-primer. They also possess exonuclease activity and therefore function in DNA repair. Chemical name: Deoxynucleoside-triphosphate:DNA deoxynucleotidyltransferase (DNA-directed) Registry number: EC 2.7.7.7 (12 Dec 1998) |
| A-DNA | A form of DNA in which the helix is right-handed and the overall appearance is short and broad. (05 Mar 2000) |
| a-form DNA | <molecular biology> One of several forms that can be assumed by a double helix. A-DNA is stable in dehydrated conditions. This form is less common than the dominant form found under physiological conditions -- beta-DNA. This form is also assumed by DNA-RNA hybrid helices and by regions of double-stranded RNA. It is a right-handed helix and is a more compact form than beta-DNA. (09 Oct 1997) |
| antisense DNA | <molecular biology> A synthetic DNA strand that is complementary to a particular strand of target DNA with a complementary sequence of bases. This results in preventing expression of the gene encoded. These proteins can be used to selectively turn off production of certain proteins or block viral genetic instructions, by marking them for destruction by cellular enzymes, in order to prevent the building of new virus or the infection of new cells. (14 Nov 1997) |
| apurinic DNA | <molecular biology> A DNA molecule that has lost adenine and guanine, its purine bases. Apurinic DNA can be produced by treating the DNA with acid. (09 Oct 1997) |
| ATP-dependent DNA strand transferase | <enzyme> From human cell nuclei; catalyses strand exchange between homologous DNA sequences; magnesium dependent, requires ATP hydrolysis Registry number: EC 2.7.7.- Synonym: ATP-dep-DNA-str trnsfase (26 Jun 1999) |
| bacteriophage T7 induced DNA polymerase | <enzyme> Complex of two proteins, phage gene 5 protein and E coli thioredoxin Registry number: EC 2.7.7.- Synonym: t7 phage DNA polymerase, sequenase, t7 DNA polymerase, thermo sequenase (26 Jun 1999) |
| base in DNA | A unit of the DNA. There are 4 bases: adenine (A), guanine (G), thymine (T), and cytosine (C). The sequence of bases (for example, CAG) is the genetic code. (12 Dec 1998) |
| beta-DNA | <molecular biology> The normal form of DNA found in organisms, which exists as a right-handed helix. (09 Oct 1997) |
| blunt-end DNA | <molecular biology> A fragment of a DNA molecule in which the ends of both strands are even with each other rather than one strand being longer than the other. (09 Oct 1997) |
| blunt-ended DNA | Double-stranded DNA in which at least one of the ends has no unpaired bases. (05 Mar 2000) |
| vaccines, DNA | Recombinant DNA vectors encoding antigens administered for the prevention or treatment of disease. The host cells take up the DNA, express the antigen, and present it to the immune system in a manner similar to that which would occur during natural infection. This induces humoral and cellular immune responses against the encoded antigens. The vector is called naked DNA because there is no need for complex formulations or delivery agents; the plasmid is injected in saline or other buffers. (12 Dec 1998) |