| dia- | <prefix> Prefix from the Greek meaning through, throughout, completely. (12 Dec 1998) |
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| diabase | <chemical> A basic, dark-coloured, holocrystalline, igneous rock, consisting essentially of a triclinic feldspar and pyroxene with magnetic iron; often limited to rocks pretertiary in age. It includes part of what was early called greenstone. Origin: F. Diabase, fr. Gr. A crossing or passing over, fr.; + to go; so called by Brongniart, because it passes over to diorite. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| diabaterial | Passing over the borders. Origin: Gr. (sc) offerings before crossing the border, fr. To pass over. See Diabase. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| diabetes | <disease> (Gr. Diabetes a syphon, from dia through + bainein to go) a general term referring to disorders characterised by excessive urine excretion (polyuria), as in diabetes mellitus and diabetes insipidus. When used alone, the term refers to diabetes mellitus. (18 Nov 1997) |
| diabetes and fibre | Soluble fibres (oat bran, apples, citrus, pears, peas/beans, psyllium, etc.) slow down the digestion of carbohydrates (sugars), which results in better glucose metabolism. Some patients with the adult-onset diabetes may actually be successfully treated with a high-fibre diet alone, and those on insulin, can often reduce their insulin requirements by adhering to a high-fibre diet. (12 Dec 1998) |
| diabetes innocens | The recurring or persistent excretion of glucose in the urine, in association with blood glucose levels that are in the normal range; results from the failure of proximal renal tubules to reabsorb glucose at a normal rate from the glomerular filtrate (low renal threshold); defect in the glucose carrier in the nephron. Synonym: diabetes innocens, normoglycaemic glycosuria, renal diabetes. (05 Mar 2000) |
| diabetes insipidus | <disease, endocrinology> Rare form of diabetes in which the kidney tubules do not reabsorb sufficient water. This can be because (a) either the renal tubules have defective receptors for antidiuretic hormone (ADH, vasopressin) or (b) a class of aquaporin water channel in the collecting duct is defective or (c) there is inadequate ADH production by the pituitary, leading to the excessive production of dilute urine. (18 Nov 1997) |
| diabetes insipidus, nephrogenic | A rare congenital and familial form of diabetes insipidus, resulting from failure of the renal tubules to absorb water. There is excessive production of antidiuretic hormones but the tubules fail to respond to it. (12 Dec 1998) |
| diabetes intermittens | Diabetes mellitus in which there are periods of relatively normal carbohydrate metabolism followed by relapses to the previous diabetic state. (05 Mar 2000) |
| diabetes mellitus | <disease> Relative or absolute lack of insulin leading to uncontrolled carbohydrate metabolism. In juvenile onset diabetes (that may be an autoimmune response to pancreatic _ cells) the insulin deficiency tends to be almost total, whereas in adult onset diabetes there seems to be no immunological component but an association with obesity. (18 Nov 1997) |
| diabetes mellitus, experimental | Diabetes mellitus induced experimentally by administration of various diabetogenic agents or by pancreatectomy. (12 Dec 1998) |
| diabetes mellitus, insulin-dependent | Diabetes mellitus characterised by insulin deficiency, sudden onset, severe hyperglycaemia, rapid progression to ketoacidosis, and death unless treated with insulin. The disease may occur at any age, but is most common in childhood or adolescence. (12 Dec 1998) |
| diabetes mellitus, lipoatrophic | A disorder characterised by complete absence of subcutaneous adipose tissue, insulin-resistant diabetes with little tendency to ketoacidosis, hyperlipidemia with subcutaneous xanthomatosis, hepatomegaly, and an elevated basal metabolic rate. (12 Dec 1998) |
| diabetes mellitus, non-insulin-dependent | Diabetes characterised by the ability to survive without ketoacidosis in the absence of insulin therapy. It is usually of slow onset and patients exhibit a tendency to obesity. (12 Dec 1998) |
| diabetes related peptide | <hormone, protein> Peptide of 37 amino acids that selectively inhibits insulin stimulated glucose uptake in muscle. Structurally related to calcitonin gene-related peptide. (15 Oct 1997) |