| Coxsackie virus | <virology> A group of picornaviruses, included in the genus Enterovirus, first isolated in a village called Coxsackie, New York, USA. Coxsackie virus has a spherical shape, about 28 nm in diameter, and causes myositis, paralysis, and death in young mice, and is responsible for a variety of diseases in man, and probably accounts for as many as 50% of all cases of viral pericarditis and myocarditis. Other infections include; herpangina, aseptic meningitis, a common-cold-like syndrome, a non-paralytic poliomyelitis-like syndrome, epidemic pleurodynia, and a serious myocarditis. Also causes hand, foot and mouth disease. They are divided antigenically into two groups, A and B, each of which includes a number of serological types. Coxsackie A viruses are divided into 24 serotypes and are associated with or implicated in herpangina, hand-foot-and-mouth disease, aseptic meningitis, paralytic disease, encephalitis, ataxia, acute onset juvenile diabetes, and cardiac diseases with diffuse myositis. Coxsackie A24 variant can cause acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis. Coxsackie B is divided into 6 serotypes and associated with epidemic pleurodynia (b1, b3), myocarditis and endocarditis (b3, b1), respiratory disorders (b3, b5), and kidney, pancreas, and liver disorders. It can also produce focal areas of degeneration in brain and skeletal muscle. Similar to polioviruses in chemical and physical properties. Origin: Coxsackie, N.Y., where first isolated (08 Mar 2000) |
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| Coxsackie encephalitis | A viral encephalitis, seen mainly in infants and involving principally the gray matter of the medulla and cord, caused by Enterovirus Coxsackie B. (05 Mar 2000) |
| bovine virus diarrhoea virus | A virus of the genus Pestivirus, in the family Togaviridae, causing bovine virus diarrhoea; New York, Oregon, and Indiana strains of the virus are recognised. Synonym: mucosal disease virus. (05 Mar 2000) |
| agonal infection | An acute infection, commonly pneumonic or septic, occurring toward the end of any disease and often the cause of death. Synonym: agonal infection. (05 Mar 2000) |
| airborne infection | A mechanism of transmission of an infectious agent by particles, dust, or droplet nuclei suspended in the air. (05 Mar 2000) |
| apical infection | Implantation of microorganisms at the apex of a tooth, usually the result of the migration of microorganisms from the pulp canal through the apical foramen. (05 Mar 2000) |
| arbovirus infection | <virology> A type of viral infection that is transmitted by mosquitoes in late spring to early autumn. One manifestation is encephalitis (central nervous system infection). (27 Sep 1997) |
| ascariasis infection | <microbiology> Infection by the nematode Ascaris lumbricoides and is characterised by an early pulmonary phase related to larval migration and a later, prolonged intestinal phase. Adult worms are 15-40 cm in length and maintain themselves in the lumen of the small intestine. Infection occurs after ingesting eggs contained in contaminated food or more commonly, by transmission to the mouth by the hands after contact with contaminated soil. Treatment is with mebendazole or pyrantel pamoate. (27 Sep 1997) |
| atypical mycobacterial infection | <microbiology> Infection with organisms from the Mycobacterium genus other than tuberculosis. Risk factors include immunocompromised patients and those with AIDS. Mycobacterium avium intracellulare is an example which frequently infects AIDS patients. Atypical mycobacterial infections can cause abscesses, septic arthritis and osteomyelitis. Treatment can be difficult due to the emergence of resistance to standard antitubercular antibiotics. (27 Sep 1997) |
| bacterial infection | <microbiology> Bacteria are group of micro-organisms that are a single cell approximately 1 micron in transverse diameter. Some bacteria cause disease in man, requiring treatment with an antibiotic. (27 Sep 1997) |
| bladder infection | Some people are at more risk for bladder and other urinary tract infections (UTIs) than others. One woman in five develops a UTI during her lifetime. Not everyone with a UTI has symptoms. Common symptoms include a frequent urge to urinate and a painful, burning when urinating. Underlying conditions that impair the normal urinary flow can lead to more complicated UTIs. (12 Dec 1998) |
| breast infection | <microbiology> Inflammation of the breast tissue most often caused by a bacterial infection. Staphylococcus is the most common organism. This breast infection is seen most commonly in the immediate postpartum period (during breast-feeding). Treatment includes warm wet compresses to the site and oral antibiotics. (27 Sep 1997) |
| parasitic infection | <microbiology> A successful invasion of a host by an organism that uses the host for food and shelter. (27 Sep 1997) |
| germinal infection | Infection of a baby with a disease by way of a parent's gamete (sperm or ovum). (09 Oct 1997) |
| mass infection | Infection resulting from the entrance of a large number of pathogens into the circulation or tissues. (05 Mar 2000) |