| B-cell differentiation/growth factors | Various substances, usually obtained from the supernatant of T-cell cultures, such as interleukin 4, 5, and 6. These substances are necessary for B-cell growth, maturation, and differentiation into plasma cells or B memory cells. (05 Mar 2000) |
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| growth factors | Proteins involved in cell differentiation and growth.Growth factors are essential to the normal cell cycle, and are thus vital elements in the life of animals from conception to death. Among other things, they mediate foetal development, play a role in maintenance and repair of tissues, stimulate production of blood cells, and, gone awry, participate in cancerous processes. (05 Mar 2000) |
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| haematopoietic cell growth factors | These growth factors comprise a family of haematopoietic regulators with biological specificities defined by their ability to support proliferation and differentiation of blood cells of different lineages. Erythropoietin and the colony-stimulating factors belong to this family. Some of these factors have been studied and used in the treatment of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia, myelodysplastic syndromes, and bone marrow failure syndromes. (12 Dec 1998) |
| stem cell growth factors | <growth factor> Compounds, usually proteins, that make stem cells grow faster. (26 Mar 1998) |
| nerve growth factors | Factors which enhance the growth potentialities of sensory and sympathetic nerve cells. (12 Dec 1998) |
| insulin-like growth factors | Peptides whose formation is stimulated by growth hormone. These peptides bring about peripheral tissue effects of that hormone and have high (about 70%) homology to human insulin. Synonym: somatomedins. (05 Mar 2000) |
| transforming growth factors | <chemical> Hormonally active polypeptides that can induce the transformed phenotype when added to normal, non-transformed cells. They have been found in culture fluids from retrovirally transformed cells and in tumour-derived cells as well as in non-neoplastic sources. Their transforming activities are due to the simultaneous action of two otherwise unrelated factors, transforming growth factor alpha and transforming growth factor beta. Chemical name: Animal growth regulators, transforming growth factors (12 Dec 1998) |
| endothelial growth factors | These growth factors are soluble mitogens secreted by a variety of organs. The factors are a mixture of two single chain polypeptides which have affinity to heparin. Their molecular weight are organ and species dependent. They have mitogenic and chemotactic effects and can stimulate endothelial cells to grow and synthesise DNA. The factors are related to both the basic and acidic fibroblast growth factors but have different amino acid sequences. (12 Dec 1998) |
| antigens, differentiation | Antigens expressed primarily on the membranes of living cells during sequential stages of maturation and differentiation. As immunologic markers they have high organ and tissue specificity and are useful as probes in studies of normal cell development as well as neoplastic transformation. (12 Dec 1998) |
| antigens, differentiation, b-lymphocyte | Membrane antigens associated with maturation stages of B-lymphocytes, often expressed in tumours of B-cell origin. (12 Dec 1998) |
| antigens, differentiation, myelomonocytic | Surface antigens expressed on myeloid cells of the granulocyte-monocyte-histiocyte series during differentiation. Analysis of their reactivity in normal and malignant myelomonocytic cells is useful in identifying and classifying human leukaemias and lymphomas. (12 Dec 1998) |
| antigens, differentiation, t-lymphocyte | Antigens expressed on the cell membrane of T-lymphocytes during differentiation, activation, and normal and neoplastic transformation. Their phenotypic characterization is important in differential diagnosis and studies of thymic ontogeny and T-cell function. (12 Dec 1998) |
| cell differentiation | Progressive restriction of the developmental potential and increasing specialization of function which takes place during the development of the embryo and leads to the formation of specialised cells, tissues, and organs. (12 Dec 1998) |
| cluster of differentiation | Cell membrane molecules that are used to classify leukocytes into subsets. CD molecules are classified by monoclonal antibodies. (05 Mar 2000) |
| cluster of differentiation 2 | A glycoprotein that is expressed on all peripheral T-cells, large granular lymphocytes and most, but not all, thymocytes. CD2 is involved in signal transduction and cell adhesion. (05 Mar 2000) |
| cluster of differentiation 3 | A complex of 5 polypeptides associated with the T-cell receptor and is involved in signal transduction. (05 Mar 2000) |