| aldobiuronic acid | Condensation products of an aldose and a uronic acid; such groupings occur among the components of various mucopolysaccharides, notably hyaluronic acid. (05 Mar 2000) |
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| aldocortin | <endocrinology, hormone> A steroid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex, that controls salt and water balance in the kidney. Abnormally high levels of this hormone cause sodium retention, high blood pressure, heart rhythum irregularities and possibly paralysis (18 Nov 1997) |
| aldohexose | A 6-carbon sugar characterised by the (potential) presence of an aldehyde group in the molecule; e.g., glucose, galactose. (05 Mar 2000) |
| aldoketomutase | <enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses the interconversion of methylglyoxal and lactate, with glutathione serving as a coenzyme. Chemical name: S-Lactoyl-glutathione methylglyoxal-lyase (isomerizing) Registry number: EC 4.4.1.5 (12 Dec 1998) |
| aldol | See: aldol condensation. (05 Mar 2000) |
| aldol condensation | Formation of an aldol (a beta-hydroxy carbonyl compound) from two carbonyl compounds; the reverse reaction is an aldol cleavage; fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolase catalyses such a reaction. (05 Mar 2000) |
| aldolase | <biochemistry, enzyme> In glycolysis, aldolase is responsible for cleaving fructose 1,6-bisphosphate into two3-carbon molecules, dihydroxyacetone and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate.This is done via the formation of a protonated Schiff base at a specificlysine residue. (06 May 1997) |
| aldonate lactonohydrolase | <enzyme> Hydrolyzes aldonate lactones to aldonic acids; also acts on aromatic lactones such as dihydrocoumarin and homogentisic-acid lactone Registry number: EC 3.1.1.- (26 Jun 1999) |
| aldonic acids | Monosaccharide derivatives in which the aldehyde group has been oxidised to a carboxyl group. They may form lactones (e.g., galactonic acid). Synonym: glyconic acids. (05 Mar 2000) |
| aldopentose | A monosaccharide with five carbon atoms, of which one is a (potential) aldehyde group; e.g., ribose. (05 Mar 2000) |
| aldoril | <drug> A drug combination of methyldopa and hydrochlorothiazide, for the treatment of high blood pressure. (09 Oct 1997) |
| aldose | <chemistry> Any monosaccharide sugar that contains an aldehyde group (-CHO). (06 May 1997) |
| aldose 1-epimerase | <enzyme> An enzyme catalyzing the reversible interconversion of alpha-and beta-aldoses (e.g., alpha-and beta-d-glucose); also acts on l-arabinose, d-xylose, d-galactose, maltose, and lactose. Synonym: aldose mutarotase, mutarotase. (05 Mar 2000) |
| aldose mutarotase | <enzyme> An enzyme catalyzing the reversible interconversion of alpha-and beta-aldoses (e.g., alpha-and beta-d-glucose); also acts on l-arabinose, d-xylose, d-galactose, maltose, and lactose. Synonym: aldose mutarotase, mutarotase. (05 Mar 2000) |
| aldose reductase | A polyol dehydrogenase (NADP+);an oxidoreductase that reversibly converts aldoses to alditols (e.g., glucose to sorbitol) with NADPH as hydrogen donor. An important step in the metabolism of sorbitol and in the formation of diabetic cataracts. See: d-sorbitol-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Cacchione, Aldo | <person> 20th century Italian psychiatrist. See: De Sanctis-Cacchione syndrome. (05 Mar 2000) |
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| CHO aldo-keto reductase | <enzyme> From chinese hamster ovary cell line; reduces ketones and aromatic aldehydes Registry number: EC 1.1.1.- Synonym: cho cell reductase (26 Jun 1999) |