| acetaminophen | <drug> The generic name for a common nonprescription medication useful in the treatment of mild pain or fever. This is called paracetamol in the UK. [American term] Synonym: paracetamol. (25 Jun 1999) |
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| acetaminophen deacetylase | <enzyme> Forms p-aminophenol Registry number: EC 3.5.1.- Synonym: apap deacetylase (26 Jun 1999) |
| chlorpheniramine | <chemical> A histamine h1 antagonist used in allergic reactions, hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma. It has also been used in veterinary applications. One of the most widely used of the classical antihistaminics, it generally causes less drowsiness and sedation than promethazine. Pharmacological action: anti-allergic agents, antipruritics, histamine h1 antagonists. Chemical name: 2-Pyridinepropanamine, gamma-(4-chlorophenyl)-N,N-dimethyl- (12 Dec 1998) |
| chlorpheniramine maleate | (±)-2-[p-Chloro-alpha-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]benzyl]pyridine maleate;an antihistamine. (05 Mar 2000) |
| phenylephrine | <chemical> An alpha-adrenergic agonist used as a mydriatic, nasal decongestant, and cardiotonic agent. Pharmacological action: adrenergic alpha-agonists, cardiotonic agent, mydriatics, nasal decongestants, sympathomimetic, vasoconstrictor agents. Chemical name: Benzenemethanol, 3-hydroxy-alpha-((methylamino)methyl)-, (R)- (12 Dec 1998) |
| phenylephrine hydrochloride | <drug> An alpha 1 adrenergic agonist. (15 Oct 1997) |
| analgesia, patient-controlled | Relief of pain, without loss of consciousness, through an analgesic agent administered by the patient. It has been used successfully to control postoperative pain, during labour, after burns, and in terminal care. The choice of agent, dose, and lockout interval greatly influence effectiveness. The potential for overdose can be minimised by combining small bolus doses with a mandatory interval between successive doses (lockout interval). (12 Dec 1998) |
| randomised controlled trial | A clinical trial that involves at least one test treatment and one control treatment, concurrent enrollment and follow-up of the test- and control-treated groups, and in which the treatments to be administered are selected by a random process, such as the use of a random-numbers table. Treatment allocations using coin flips, odd-even numbers, patient social security numbers, days of the week, medical record numbers, or other such pseudo- or quasi-random processes, are not truly randomised and a trial employing any of these techniques for patient assignment is designated simply a controlled clinical trial. (12 Dec 1998) |
| randomised controlled trials | Clinical trials that involve at least one test treatment and one control treatment, concurrent enrollment and follow-up of the test- and control-treated groups, and in which the treatments to be administered are selected by a random process, such as the use of a random-numbers table. Treatment allocations using coin flips, odd-even numbers, patient social security numbers, days of the week, medical record numbers, or other such pseudo- or quasi-random processes, are not truly randomised and trials employing any of these techniques for patient assignment are designated simply controlled clinical trials. (12 Dec 1998) |
| patient controlled analgesia | <anaesthetics, procedure> Self-administration of analgesics by a patient instructed in doing so, usually refers to self-dosing with intravenous opioid (for example, morphine) administered by means of a programmable pump. (16 Dec 1997) |
| vocabulary, controlled | A means of access to information (including bibliographic records, factual data, images, collections, etc.) limited to a specified list of terms with a fixed and unalterable meaning, and from which a selection is made when cataloging, indexing, or searching books, journals, and other documents. The control is intended to avoid the scattering of related subjects under different headings. The list may be altered or extended only by the publisher or issuing agency. (12 Dec 1998) |
| research, controlled | The first controlled clinical research was probably done in 1875 by the british naval surgeon james lind who, on board the hms salisbury, gave sailors with scurvy either oranges or lemons or cider or vinegar or nutmeg (or another treatment) and after just six days discovered that the citrus-consuming sailors had recovered from scury, until then the scourge of extended sea voyages, while the sailors who had been given the other treatments remained uncured. (12 Dec 1998) |
| volume-controlled respirator | A respirator that provides a predetermined volume of gases during inhalation, with the pressure required to move that volume remaining variable, depending upon resistance. (05 Mar 2000) |
| microscopically controlled surgery | Minimally invasive surgery, operative procedure performed in a manner derived to result in the smallest possible incision or no incision at all; includes laparoscopic, laparoscopically assisted, thoracoscopic, and endoscopic surgical procedures. Synonym: Mohs' chemosurgery. (05 Mar 2000) |
| condensing, controlled extraction turbines | A controlled turbine that bleeds off (condenses) part of the main stream flow at one (single extraction) or two (double extraction) points. Used when process steam is required at pressures below the inlet pressure and above the exhaust pressure. (05 Dec 1998) |