| 영문 | gene | 한글 | 유전자 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 유전자는 길게 띠를 형성한 DNA분자의 일부분으로 한 가지 물질을 만드는데 필요한 모든 정보를 갖춘 기능적인 단위이다. 예를 들어 인슐린이라는 물질의 유전자라고 하면 사람의 세포내에 있는 긴 DNA 분자 중에서 인슐린이라는 물질을 만드는데 필요한 모든 정보를 가지고 있는 한 부분을 가리키는 말이다. 고전적인 생물학에서는 유전자가 표현형을 결정하거나 지정하는 염색체의 일부분이라고 정의되었지만, 오늘날에는 유전자에 대해서 분자적 정의가 제안되고 있으며 그 정의는 하나의 유전자는 하나의 효소를 결정 또는 암호화하는 유전물질의 일부분이라는 개념으로 이것이 이른바 1개의 유전자 1개 효소가설(one gene-one enzyme hypothesis)이다. 즉 1개의 유전자는 1개의 효소를 제작하는데 필요한 유전정보를 가진다는 것이다. 현재 이 가설이 받아들여지고 있다. |
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| 영문 | gene therapy | 한글 | 유전자요법 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 유전병을 치료할 목적으로, 정상적으로 기능하는 단일유전자 혹은 복수유전자를 어떤 기원에서 얻어내어 생세포에 도입하는 것. 유전물질은 유전자삽입 조작에 의해 수용세포에로 도입된다. 즉, 유전자를 끼워 넣은 새로운 세포를 사용하는 치료로서 1980년 미국의 학자가 지중해빈혈환자에게 강행하여 비판을 받았지만, 미국 국립보건연구소는 1990년 9월 아데노신 데아미나아제(adenosine deaminase, ADA) 결핍증 환자의 림프구에 ADA 유전자를 끼워 넣는 치료를 시작한 이래 현재는 암을 포함한 많은 질병들을 치료하는 목적으로 쓰인다. |
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| 영문 | genetic code | 한글 | 유전부호 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 길게 늘어서 있는 DNA사슬의 유전정보가 각각의 아미노산에 대응하여 단백질의 합성에 사용될 수 있게 읽혀지는 방법. DNA 분자는 각각의 Deoxyribonucleotide가 연결되어서 이루는 구조이다. 이Deoxyribonucleolide는 당, 인산, 그리고 염기로 이루어져 있다. 당과 인산은 각각의 Deoxyribonucleotide가 연결되게 유지해주는 역할을 하고 염기가 유전정보를 가지고 있으며 이 염기의 배열이 유전정보 즉 단백질의 합성에 필요한 정보를 가지고 있다. DNA를 이루는 염기는 4개로 아데닌(adenine), 구아닌(guanine), 티민(thymine), 시토신(cytosine)의 4가지이다. 4개의 염기가 섞여있는 배열을 한 개의 단백질로 합성을 하기 위해서는 이 배열을 해독하는 방법이 있어야 한다. 즉 그 방법은 3개의 염기의 배열을 하나의 아미노산에 대응시켜서 각 아미노산의 서열을 정하고 단백질을 만드는 것이다. 예를 들면 cytosine-cytosine-cytosine이라는 배열은 proline이라는 단백질을 의미하는 것으로 읽혀지게 된다. 이렇게 아무런 규칙이 없는 것 같은 염기서열을 하나의 아미노산과 대응시켜서 읽는 방법이 유전부호이다. |
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| 영문 | genetic engineering | 한글 | 유전공학 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 1. 유전자의 합성이나 변형 따위를 연구하는 학문. 응용 유전학의 한 분야로, 병의 치료나 이로운 산물의 대량 생산을 목적으로 한다. 2. 생물의 유전자를 인공적으로 가공하여 인간에게 필요한 물질을 대량으로 값싸게 얻는 기술. 1970년대에 들어서면서 경이적인 과학기술의 하나로 큰 주목을 끌고 있으며, 이 분야에는 재조합 DNA기술-세포융합기술 및 핵치환기술 등이 있다. 재조합 DNA 기술에 의하여 인공적으로 재조합유전자를 만든 최초의 보고는 1972년 잭슨 등이 하였고, 인공적 재조합유전자를 숙주세포에서 형질을 발현시키는 데 최초로 성공한 것은 1973년 F. J. 코벤 등이다. 이 재조합 DNA 기술은 세균파지, 플라스미드에 관한 연구와 DNA에 작용하는 효소들, 특히 제한효소와 DNA 연결효소에 관한 연구에 의존하였다. 유전공학의 발전은 우리 세계를 바꿀 수 있을 것으로 내다보고 있다. 암을 제압하고 노화를 방지할 수 있어 유전공학은 결국 오늘의 인간이 안고 있는 에너지-식량-의료 등의 문제를 해결해 줄 수 있는 가능성을 지닌다. 이 때문에 유전공학은 ‘제3의 산업혁명’이라고 할 수 있고, 따라서 그 개발을 위하여 온 세계의 기업들이 이의 연구개발에 착수하고 국가들도 전략기술로 다루어 집접 육성에 박차를 가하고 있다. 우리나라에서도 1982년부터 유전공학 분야를 국가가 육성해야 할 특정연구 분야로 지정하고 있다. |
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| 영문 | gene therapy | 한글 | 유전자요법 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 유전병을 치료할 목적으로, 정상적으로 기능하는 단일유전자 혹은 복수유전자를 어떤 기원에서 얻어내어 생세포에 도입하는 것. 유전물질은 유전자삽입 조작에 의해 수용세포에로 도입된다. 즉, 유전자를 끼워 넣은 새로운 세포를 사용하는 치료로서 1980년 미국의 학자가 지중해빈혈환자에게 강행하여 비판을 받았지만, 미국 국립보건연구소는 1990년 9월 아데노신 데아미나아제(adenosine deaminase, ADA) 결핍증 환자의 림프구에 ADA 유전자를 끼워 넣는 치료를 시작한 이래 현재는 암을 포함한 많은 질병들을 치료하는 목적으로 쓰인다. |
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| genet | genetic, genetics |
|---|---|
| GENETOX | Genetic Toxicology [data base] |
| CGRP | Calcitonin Gene Related Peptide(Protein) |
|---|---|
| CGRPs | Calcitonin Gene-Related Products |
| GnRH | Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone [HP 1898, 2034] = LHRH = Go... |
| ARGS | antitrypsin-related gene sequence |
| CAP | camptodactyly-arthropathy-pericarditis [syndrome]; Canada Assistance Plan; capsule; captopril; catab... |
| 16S rDNA | 16S rRNA gene |
|---|---|
| PGK | 3-phosphoglycerate kinase gene |
| CGRP | AM/calcitonin gene-related peptide |
| alpha-CGRP | Alpha calcitonin gene-related peptide |
| APO E | Apolipoprotein E gene |
| gene | <cell biology, molecular biology> Originally defined as the physical unit of heredity, it is probably best defined as the unit of inheritance that occupies a specific locus on a chromosome, the existence of which can be confirmed by the occurrence of different allelic forms. Genes are formed from DNA, carried on the chromosomes and are responsible for the inherited characteristics that distinguish one individual from another. Each human individual has an estimated 100,000 separate genes. Given the occurrence of split genes, it might be redefined as the set of DNA sequences (exons) that are required to produce a single polypeptide. (09 Oct 1997) |
|---|---|
| gene activation | The process of activation of a gene so that it is expressed at a particular time. This process is crucial in growth and development. (05 Mar 2000) |
| gene amplification | <molecular biology> Selective replication of DNA sequence within a cell, producing multiple extra copies of that sequence. The best known example occurs during the maturation of the oocyte of Xenopus, where the set (normally 500 copies) of ribosomal RNA genes is replicated some 4,000 times to give about 2 million copies. (18 Nov 1997) |
| gene bank | A group of genes which are coordinately controlled. (09 Oct 1997) |
| gene cloning | <molecular biology> The insertion of a DNA sequence into a vector that can then be propagated in a host organism, generating a large number of copies of the sequence. (18 Nov 1997) |
| gene cluster | A set of closely related genes that code for the same or similar proteins and which are usuallygrouped together on the same chromosome. (09 Oct 1997) |
| gene conversion | <molecular biology> A phenomenon in which alleles are segregated in a 3:1 not 2:2 ratio in meiosis. May be a result of DNA polymerase switching templates and copying from the other homologous sequence or a result of mismatch repair (nucleotides being removed from one strand and replaced by repair synthesis using the other strand as template). (18 Nov 1997) |
| gene deletion | The total loss (or absence) of a gene. Gene deletion plays a role in birth defects and in the development of cancer. (12 Dec 1998) |
| gene disorder | Hereditary disorder caused by a mutant allele of a single gene (e.g., Duchenne muscular dystrophy, retinoblastoma, sickle cell disease). Compare polygenic disorders. (05 Mar 2000) |
| gene disruption | Use of both in vitro and in vivo recombination to substitute an easily selected mutant gene for a wild-type gene. (09 Oct 1997) |
| gene divergence | The difference (expressed as a percentage) in the nucleotide sequencesbetween two related genes that developed from the same ancestral gene. (09 Oct 1997) |
| gene dosage | <molecular biology> Number of copies of a particular gene locus in the genome, in most cases either one or two. (18 Nov 1997) |
| gene dosage compensation | The putative mechanism that adjusts the X-linked phenotypes of males and females to compensate for the haploid state in males and the diploid state in females. It is now largely ascribed to lyonization which compensates the mean of the dose but not its variance, which is greater in females. (05 Mar 2000) |
| gene dosage effect | In codominant alleles, the more or less linear relationship between the phenotypic value and the number of genes of one type substituted by another type. (05 Mar 2000) |
| gene duplication | <molecular biology> A class of DNA rearrangement that generates a supernumerary copy of a gene in the genome. This would allow each gene to evolve independently to produce distinct functions. Such a set of evolutionarily related genes can be called a gene family. (18 Nov 1997) |
| allelic gene | See: allele, dominance of traits. (05 Mar 2000) |
|---|---|
| antibiotic resistance gene | Genes in a microorganism which confer resistance to antibiotics, for example by coding for enzymes which destroy it, by coding for surface proteins which prevent it from entering the microorganism, or by being a mutant form of the antibiotic's target so that it can ignore it. (09 Oct 1997) |
| autosomal gene | A gene located on any chromosome other than the sex chromosomes (X or Y). (05 Mar 2000) |
| bicoid gene | A group of genes which are important to the proper development of the head and thorax in the embryo of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. (09 Oct 1997) |
| BRCA1 breast cancer susceptibility gene | This mutated (changed) version of the BRCA1 gene makes a person susceptible to developing breast cancer. (12 Dec 1998) |
| calcitonin gene-related peptide | <protein> A second product transcribed from the calcitonin gene. Calcitonin gene related peptide is found in a number of tissues including nervous tissue. It is a vasodilator that may participate in the cutaneous triple response. It is a neuropeptide of 37 amino acids with structural homology to salmon calcitonin. Co-localises with substance P in neurons. It occurs as a result of alternative processing of mRNA from the calcitonin gene. The neuropeptide is widely distributed in neural tissue of the brain, gut, perivascular nerves, and other tissue. The peptide produces multiple biological effects and has both circulatory and neurotransmitter modes of action. In particular, it is a potent endogenous vasodilator. Intracerebral administration leads to a rise in noradrenergic sympathetic outflow, a rise in blood pressure and a fall in gastric secretion. Acronym: CGRP (05 May 2002) |
| cancer susceptibility gene | tumour suppressor gene |
| rab gene | 1. <molecular biology> One of the three main groups of ras like genes specifying small GTP-binding proteins (the others are ras and rho). Rab proteins are involved in vesicular traffic and seem to control translocation from donor to acceptor membranes. 2. <cell biology> Gene family in plants responsive to abscisic acid: encode proteins of 15-17 kD. (18 Nov 1997) |
| pair rule gene | <molecular biology> A segmentation gene, expressed sequentially between gap genes and segment polarity genes. In development of Drosophila, a set of about 8 genes that are expressed only in alternate segments (odd or even) of the developing embryo. Loss of function mutants thus lack alternate segments. Examples: even skipped (eve), fushi tarazu (ftz), hairy. (18 Nov 1997) |
| variable gene | <molecular biology> Those regions in the amino acid sequence of both the heavy and the light chains of immunoglobulins where there is considerable sequence variability from one immunoglobulin to other of the same class, in contrast to constant sequence (C) regions. The V regions are associated with the antigen binding areas. They contain hypervariable regions of particularly high sequence diversity. (18 Nov 1997) |
| gap gene | <molecular biology> Segmentation genes involved in specifying relatively coarse subdivisions of the embryo. They are expressed sequentially in development between egg polarity genes and pair rule genes. In Drosophila, there are at least three such genes, for example Kruppel. (18 Nov 1997) |
| mapping, gene | Charting the positions of genes on chromosome and learning the distance, in linkage units or physical units, between genes. (12 Dec 1998) |
| receptors, calcitonin gene-related peptide | Cell surface proteins that bind calcitonin gene-related peptide (cgrp) with high affinity and trigger intracellular changes which influence the behaviour of cells. Cgrp receptors are present in both the central nervous system and the periphery and are not the same as calcitonin receptors. (12 Dec 1998) |
| recessive gene | A gene that is expressed onlywhen it is present in two copies or if theother copy is missing. (09 Oct 1997) |
| marker gene | Gene that confers some readily detectable phenotype on cells carrying the gene, either in culture or in transgenic or chimeric organisms. Gene could be an enzymic reporter gene, a selectable marker conferring antibiotic resistance or a cell membrane protein with a characteristic epitope. (18 Nov 1997) |
Synonyms : Amplification, Gene
Synonyms : Component, Gene, Components, Gene, Gene Component
Synonyms : Conversion, Gene, Conversions, Gene, Gene Conversions, Polar Recombinations, Polarons, Recombination, Polar, Recombinations, Polar
Synonyms : Deletion, Gene, Deletions, Gene, Gene Deletions
Synonyms : Copy Number, Gene, Copy Numbers, Gene, Dosage, Gene, Dosages, Gene, Gene Copy Numbers, Gene Dosages, Number, Gene Copy, Numbers, Gene Copy
제품명 |
판매사 |
보험코드 | 성분/함량 | 구분/보험급여 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
뉴메가주사 - 새창
|
Genetics institute |
E30540241 | Oprelvekin | 전문의약품 | 급여 | 분업예외의약품 |
| genesis |
a coming into being the first book of the Old Testament: tells of creation; Adam and Eve; the Fall of Man; Cain and Abel; Noah and the flood; God's covenant with Abraham; Abraham and Isaac; Jacob and Esau; Joseph and his brothers
출처: wordnet.princeton.edu/perl/webwn
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|---|---|
| gene expression |
conversion of the information encoded in a gene first into messenger RNA and then to a protein
출처: wordnet.princeton.edu/perl/webwn
|
| genetic |
familial: tending to occur among members of a family usually by heredity; "an inherited disease"; "familial traits"; "genetically transmitted features" genic: of or relating to or produced by or being a gene; "genic combinations"; "genetic code" pertaining to or referring to origin; "genetic history reconstructs the origins of a literary work" of or relating to the science of genetics; "genetic research"
출처: wordnet.princeton.edu/perl/webwn
|
| genetic defect |
genetic disease: a disease or disorder that is inherited genetically
출처: wordnet.princeton.edu/perl/webwn
|
| genetic disorder |
genetic disease: a disease or disorder that is inherited genetically
출처: wordnet.princeton.edu/perl/webwn
|
| gene | a segment of DNA found on a chromosome that codes for a particular protein |
|---|---|
| gene | a microchip that holds DNA probes that form half of the DNA double helix and can recognize DNA from samples being tested |
| gene | a vector for delivering genes into cells |
| gene | conversion of the information encoded in a gene first into messenger RNA and then to a protein |
| gene | United States dancer who performed in many musical films (1912-1996) |
| gene | (genetics) traits that tend to be inherited together as a consequence of an association between their genes |
| gene | a mutation due to an intramolecular reorganization of a gene |
| gene | United States golfer who was first to win all four major golf tournaments (1902-1999) |
| gene | United States prizefighter who won the world heavyweight championship by defeating Jack Dempsey twice (1898-1978) |
| gene | the technology of preparing recombinant DNA in vitro by cutting up DNA molecules and splicing together fragments from more than one organism |
| gene | of or relating to genealogy |
| gene | of or relating to genealogy |
제품명 |
판매사 |
보험코드 | 성분/함량 | 구분/보험급여 |
|---|
