| 영문 | Down syndrome | 한글 | 다운증후군 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 사람의 46개 염색체 중 제 21번 염색체의 수가 1개 더 많아지므로써 나타나는 병이다. 환자의 생김새가 마치 몽고 사람과 닮았다 하여 일명 몽고증(mongolism)이라고 하였으나 잘못된 이름이다. 이 병은 반드시 21번 염색체가 3개가 되는 경우이외에도 21번 염색체의 일부분이 다른 염색체의 일부분과 교환이 되는 translocation형 등의 다른 염색체이상에서도 볼 수가 있다. 발생 빈도는 출생아 700~1000명중 1명 꼴로 나타나며, 염색체 이상병 중에 가장 많은 것으로 알려져 있다. 이 병의 발생빈도는 산모의 출산연령과 밀접한 관계가 있어, 35세 이후가 되면 기하 급수적으로 이 질환자의 출산수가 증가한다. 일반적으로 이 질환에 있어서 약 3분의 1은 모친의 출산연령에 의존하지 않고, 나머지 약 3분의 2는 모친의 연령과 직접 관련이 있는 것으로 보고 있다. 진단은 특징적인 생김새, 즉 몽고 사람같이 눈꼬리가 위로 치켜져 있고 눈거풀이 두꺼우며 콧등이 낮은 특징적인 얼굴 모습, 또한 근육의 긴장도가 저하되고 젖을 빠는 힘과 울음 소리가 약하며 손바닥의 좌우를 가르는 한줄의 손금(원숭이와 같은 형태이다) 등의 특징적인 소견에 의해 보조진단을 하고 최종적으로 염색체 분석에 의해 확진을 한다. 이 다운증후군의 환자는 대개 지능이 저하되어 있고, 여러 가지 종류의 선천성 심장기형을 많이 동반하고 있다. |
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| BUT | Break-Up Time |
|---|---|
| csb | chromosome break |
| ctb | chromated break |
| DSB | double-strand break |
| NRB | nonrejoining break |
| BDP | break down product |
|---|---|
| dra | Down Regulated in Adenoma |
| DS | Down Syndrome |
| HDT | Head Down Tilt |
| SDH | Step-down heating |
| break | 1. To strain apart; to sever by fracture; to divide with violence; as, to break a rope or chain; to break a seal; to break an axle; to break rocks or coal; to break a lock. 2. To lay open as by breaking; to divide; as, to break a package of goods. 3. To lay open, as a purpose; to disclose, divulge, or communicate. "Katharine, break thy mind to me." (Shak) 4. To infringe or violate, as an obligation, law, or promise. " Out, out, hyena! these are thy wonted arts . . . To break all faith, all vows, deceive, betray." (Milton) 5. To interrupt; to destroy the continuity of; to dissolve or terminate; as, to break silence; to break one's sleep; to break one's journey. "Go, release them, Ariel;" "My charms I'll break, their senses I'll restore." (Shak) 6. To destroy the completeness of; to remove a part from; as, to break a set. 7. To destroy the arrangement of; to throw into disorder; to pierce; as, the cavalry were not able to break the British squares. 8. To shatter to pieces; to reduce to fragments. "The victim broke in pieces the musical instruments with which he had solaced the hours of captivity." (Prescott) 9. To exchange for other money or currency of smaller denomination; as, to break a five dollar bill. 10. To destroy the strength, firmness, or consistency of; as, to break flax. 11. To weaken or impair, as health, spirit, or mind. "An old man, broken with the storms of state." (Shak) 12. To diminish the force of; to lessen the shock of, as a fall or blow. "I'll rather leap down first, and break your fall." (Dryden) 13. To impart, as news or information; to broach; with to, and often with a modified word implying some reserve; as, to break the news gently to the widow; to break a purpose cautiously to a friend. 14. To tame; to reduce to subjection; to make tractable; to discipline; as, to break a horse to the harness or saddle. "To break a colt." "Why, then thou canst not break her to the lute?" (Shak) 15. To destroy the financial credit of; to make bankrupt; to ruin. "With arts like these rich Matho, when he speaks, Attracts all fees, and little lawyers breaks." (Dryden) 16. To destroy the official character and standing of; to cashier; to dismiss. "I see a great officer broken." (Swift) With prepositions or adverbs: To break down. To crush; to overwhelm; as, to break down one's strength; to break down opposition. To remove, or open a way through, by breaking; as, to break down a door or wall. To break in. To force in; as, to break in a door. To train; to discipline; as, a horse well broken in. To break of, to rid of; to cause to abandon; as, to break one of a habit. To break off. To separate by breaking; as, to break off a twig. To stop suddenly; to abandon. "Break off thy sins by righteousness." To break open, to open by breaking. "Open the door, or I will break it open." To break out, to take or force out by breaking; as, to break out a pane of glass. To break out a cargo, to unstow a cargo, so as to unload it easily. To break through. To make an opening through, as, as by violence or the force of gravity; to pass violently through; as, to break through the enemy's lines; to break through the ice. To disregard; as, to break through the ceremony. To break up. To separate into parts; to plow (new or fallow ground). "Break up this capon." "Break up your fallow ground." (b) To dissolve; to put an end to. "Break up the court." To break (one) all up, to unsettle or disconcert completely; to upset. With an immediate object: - To break the back. To dislocate the backbone; hence, to disable totally. To get through the worst part of; as, to break the back of a difficult undertaking. To break bulk, to destroy the entirety of a load by removing a portion of it; to begin to unload; also, to transfer in detail, as from boats to cars. To break cover, to burst forth from a protecting concealment, as game when hunted. To break a deer or stag, to cut it up and apportion the parts among those entitled to a share. To break fast, to partake of food after abstinence. See Breakfast. To break ground. To open the earth as for planting; to commence excavation, as for building, siege operations, and the like; as, to break ground for a foundation, a canal, or a railroad. To begin to execute any plan. To remove or set aside with violence and a felonious intent any part of a house or of the fastenings provided to secure it. To break the ice, to get through first difficulties; to overcome obstacles and make a beginning; to introduce a subject. To break jail, to escape from confinement in jail, usually by forcible means. To break a jest, to utter a jest. "Patroclus . . . The livelong day break scurril jests." To break joints, to lay or arrange bricks, shingles, etc, so that the joints in one course shall not coincide with those in the preceding course. To break a lance, to engage in a tilt or contest. To break the neck, to dislocate the joints of the neck. To break no squares, to create no trouble. To break a path, road, etc, to open a way through obstacles by force or labour. To break upon a wheel, to execute or torture, as a criminal by stretching him upon a wheel, and breaking his limbs with an iron bar; a mode of punishment formerly employed in some countries. To break wind, to give vent to wind from the anus. Synonym: To dispart, rend, tear, shatter, batter, violate, infringe, demolish, destroy, burst, dislocate. Origin: broke, (Brake); Broken, (Broke); Breaking] [OE. Breken, AS. Brecan; akin to OS. Brekan, D. Breken, OHG. Brehhan, G. Brechen, Icel.braka to creak, Sw. Braka, brakka to crack, Dan. Braekke to break, Goth. Brikan to break, L. Frangere. Cf. Bray to pound, Breach, Fragile. 1. To come apart or divide into two or more pieces, usually with suddenness and violence; to part; to burst asunder. 2. To open spontaneously, or by pressure from within, as a bubble, a tumour, a seed vessel, a bag. "Else the bottle break, and the wine runneth out." (Math. Ix. 17) 3. To burst forth; to make its way; to come to view; to appear; to dawn. "The day begins to break, and night is fied." (Shak) "And from the turf a fountain broke, and gurgled at our feet." (Wordswoorth) 4. To burst forth violently, as a storm. " The clouds are still above; and, while I speak, A second deluge o'er our head may break." (Shak) 5. To open up. To be scattered; t be dissipated; as, the clouds are breaking. "At length the darkness begins to break." (Macawlay) 6. To become weakened in constitution or faculties; to lose health or strength. "See how the dean begins to break; Poor gentleman he droops apace." (Swift) 7. To be crushed, or overwhelmed with sorrow or grief; as, my heart is breaking. 8. To fall in business; to become bankrupt. "He that puts all upon adventures doth oftentimes break, and come to poverty." (Bacn) 9. To make an abrupt or sudden change; to change the gait; as, to break into a run or gallop. 10. To fail in musical quality; as, a singer's voice breaks when it is strained beyond its compass and a tone or note is not completed, but degenerates into an unmusical sound instead. Also, to change in tone, as a boy's voice at puberty. 11. To fall out; to terminate friendship. "To break upon the score of danger or expense is to be mean and narrow-spirited." (Collier) With prepositions or adverbs: - To break away, to disengage one's self abruptly; to come or go away against resistance. "Fear me not, man; I will not break away." (Shak) To break down. To come down by breaking; as, the coach broke down. To fail in any undertaking. "He had broken down almost at the outset." (Thackeray) To break forth, to issue; to come out suddenly, as sound, light, etc. "Then shall thy light break forth as the morning." Often with into in expressing or giving vent to one's feelings. "Break forth into singing, ye mountains." To break from, to go away from abruptly. "This radiant from the circling crowd he broke." (Dryden) To break into, to enter by breaking; as, </[to break into a house. To break in upon, to enter or approach violently or unexpectedly. "This, this is he; softly awhile; let us not break in upon him." To break loose. To extricate one's self forcibly. "Who would not, finding way, break loose from hell?" To cast off restraint, as of morals or propriety. To break off. To become separated by rupture, or with suddenness and violence. To desist or cease suddenly. "Nay, forward, old man; do not break off so." To break off from, to desist from; to abandon, as a habit. To break out. To burst forth; to escape from restraint; to appear suddenly, as a fire or an epidemic. "For in the wilderness shall waters break out, and stream in the desert." To show itself in cutaneous eruptions; said of a disease. To have a rash or eruption on the akin; said of a patient. To break over, to overflow; to go beyond limits. To break up. To become separated into parts or fragments; as, the ice break up in the rivers; the wreck will break up in the next storm. To disperse. "The company breaks up." To break upon, to discover itself suddenly to; to dawn upon. To break with. To fall out; to sever one's relations with; to part friendship. "It can not be the Volsces dare break with us." "If she did not intend to marry Clive, she should have broken with him altogether." To come to an explanation; to enter into conference; to speak. "I will break with her and with her father." 1. An opening made by fracture or disruption. 2. An interruption of continuity; change of direction; as, a break in a wall; a break in the deck of a ship. Specifically: A projection or recess from the face of a displacement in the circuit, interrupting the electrical current. 3. An interruption; a pause; as, a break in friendship; a break in the conversation. 4. An interruption in continuity in writing or printing, as where there is an omission, an unfilled line, etc. "All modern trash is Set forth with numerous breaks and dashes." (Swift) 5. The first appearing, as of light in the morning; the dawn; as, the break of day; the break of dawn. 6. A large four-wheeled carriage, having a straight body and calash top, with the driver's seat in front and the footman's behind. 7. A device for checking motion, or for measuring friction. See Brake, 9 & 10. 8. See Commutator. See: Break, and cf. Brake (the instrument), Breach, Brack a crack. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
|---|---|
| break-circuit | <physics> A key or other device for breaking an electrical circuit. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| break shock | The shock produced by breaking a constant current passing through the body. (05 Mar 2000) |
| wind-break | A clump of trees serving for a protection against the force of wind. To break the wind of; to cause to lose breath; to exhaust. "'T would wind-break a mule to vie burdens with her." (Ford) Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| single-strand break | A break in double-stranded DNA in which only one of the two strands has been cleaved; both strands have not separated from each other. (05 Mar 2000) |
| double-strand break | A break in double-stranded DNA in which both strands have been cleaved; however, the two strands have not separated from each other. (05 Mar 2000) |
| bearing down | Expulsive effort of a parturient woman in the second stage of labour. (05 Mar 2000) |
| bearing-down pain | A uterine contraction accompanied by straining and tenesmus; usually appearing in the second stage of labour. (05 Mar 2000) |
| reflex, let down | The let down reflex of the mother is an involuntary reflex during breastfeeding which causes the milk to flow freely. (12 Dec 1998) |
| milk let-down reflex | Release of milk from the breast following tactile stimulation of the nipple; the afferent path is postulated to exist from the nipple to the hypothalamus; the efferent limb is represented by the neurohypophysial release of oxytocin into the systemic circulation; contraction of myoepithelial elements within the breast, caused by oxytocin, moves milk into the collecting ducts and toward the nipple. Synonym: let-down reflex, milk let-down reflex. (05 Mar 2000) |
| cone down | To narrow a beam of X-rays to a region of interest using a collimator or cone; colloq., to delimit one's attention or activities. (05 Mar 2000) |
| head-down tilt | Posture while lying with the head lower than the rest of the body. Extended time in this position is associated with temporary physiologic disturbances. (12 Dec 1998) |
| syndrome, down | A common disorder due to a chromosome abnormality and specfically due to an extra chromosome number 21 (trisomy 21). Down syndrome includes mental retardation, a characteristic face, and multiple malformations. It is associated with a major risk for heart problems, a lesser risk of duodenal atresia (part of the intestines not developed), and a minor but still significant risk of acute leukaemia. The name down syndrome comes from the 19th century english doctor langdon down, a misnomer since he was curiously enough not the first person to describe the condition and, in great error, attributed the condition to a reversion to the mongoloid race. Hence, the old name mongolism, now considered slang. (12 Dec 1998) |
| down | <dermatology, zoology> Fine, soft feathers, soft, fine hair. (04 Mar 1998) |
| Down, John Langdon | <person> English physician, 1828-1896. See: Down's syndrome. (05 Mar 2000) |
| break down | collapse due to fatigue, an illness, or a sudden attack |
|---|---|
| break down | separate into constituent elements or parts, as of chemical substances |
| break down | stop operating or functioning |
| break down | make a mathematical, chemical, or grammatical analysis of |
| break down | make ineffective |
| break down | cause to fall or collapse |
| break down | lose control of one's emotions |
| break down | fall apart |
제품명 |
판매사 |
보험코드 | 성분/함량 | 구분/보험급여 |
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제품명 |
판매사 |
보험코드 | 성분/함량 | 구분/보험급여 |
|---|